Association of renal damage and oxidative stress in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Influence of gender

Abstract

This study investigated the association between nephropathy and oxidative stress, by measurement of systolic blood pressure, lipid peroxidation, activities of catalase, manganese- and copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and concentrations of nitrates/nitrites in kidneys from rats with Metabolic Syndrome. Weaning female or male rats had 30% sucrose to drink for 24 weeks (Metabolic Syndrome). Modulation by sex hormones was investigated by gonadectomy and hormone replacement. In Metabolic Syndrome, Castrated Metabolic Syndrome + Testosterone males and Ovariectomized Metabolic Syndrome females had increased blood pressure, proteinuria and lipid peroxidation. Nitrates/nitrites and activities of catalase, manganese and copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase decreased vs intact Control, Castrated Metabolic Syndrome males, intact Metabolic Syndrome and Ovariectomized Metabolic Syndrome + Estradiol females. The results suggest that sex hormones modulate the activity of superoxide-dismutase, catalase and endothelial nitric oxide-synthase. Ovariectomy decreased the protection against oxidative stress in females; the opposite occurred in castrated males.

Serum heat shock protein 70 and oxidized LDL in patients with type 2 diabetes: does sex matter?

“…A second explanation of the results is that serum HSP70 levels are directly or indirectly affected by sexual hormones, where as ox-LDL production is not. Perez-Torres et al (2009) reported that ovariectomy decreases the activity of superoxide-dismutase, catalase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, which will be modulated after estrogen therapy. Whereas in normal women estrogen results in increased NO production and has protective effects; it has been reported that the diabetic state is associated with estrogen-stimulated production of superoxide and a reduced level of NO within the vasculature (White et al 2010).…”

Beneficial effects of previous exercise training on renal changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic female rats

“…There are evidences suggesting an influence of gender on the incidence and progression of nondiabetic renal disease, and 17b-estradiol have been reported to exert renoprotective actions in both experimental animals and women of fertile age. [2][3][4][5] However, the influence of gender on diabetic renal disease is controversial. While some studies have demonstrated that diabetic nephropathy progress is faster in males, 29,30 others indicate the opposite, 31,32 suggesting that the renoprotection conferred to females is lost in the presence of DM, possibly due to a dysregulation of sex hormones.…”

“…1 Although evidences point the female sex as a renoprotective factor against the development of nondiabetic renal diseases, 2,3 several studies demonstrated that in DM this renoprotection appears to be lost, possibly due to dysregulation of the production of female sex hormones, which may be present in DM. [4][5][6][7][8] Initial stages of diabetic nephropathy are characterized by expansion of extracellular matrix (ECM), glomerular hyperfiltration, and renal hypertrophy associated with microalbuminuria.…”

Male gender significantly increases risk of oxidative stress related congenital anomalies in the non-diabetic population

“…There are now multiple publications reporting greater levels of ROS, lower levels of antioxidants, and increased OS in males compared to females in both laboratory animals [7,8] and humans [9,10]. Based on these reports, we investigated whether there was a significant association between male gender and newborn risk of CCHD a group of disorders consisting primarily of outflow tract defects and other common congenital anomalies (CA) in the USA.…”