Association of prenatal perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate exposure with neonatal size and gestational age

Evans, K.; Rich, David Q.; Weinberger, Barry; Vetrano, Anna M.; Valentín-Blasini, Liza; Ohman‐Strickland, Pamela; Blount, Benjamin C.

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.07.069

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Our study was unable to confirm the association between maternal perchlorate exposure and offspring birthweight in the whole cohort as well as in the subgroup of male infants. This is in keeping with a previous study which also found no association between perchlorate exposure in pregnancy and offspring’s birthweight, birth length or gestational age at birth [ 22 ]. However, taken together, these observations highlight the need for further investigations to examine whether environmental exposure to perchlorate during pregnancy has adverse health outcomes beyond minor changes on maternal thyroid hormone levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of perchlorate and thiocyanate exposure on thyroid function of pregnant women from South-West England: a cohort study

Knight

Shields

et al. 2018

Thyroid Res

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BackgroundIodine is important for thyroid hormone synthesis, and iodine deficiency in pregnancy may impair fetal neurological development. As perchlorate and thiocyanate inhibit sodium-iodide symporter reducing the transport of iodine from circulation into the thyroid follicular cells, environmental exposure to these substances in pregnancy may impair maternal thyroid hormone synthesis. We aimed to explore the impact of perchlorate and thiocyanate exposure on thyroid status in a cohort of pregnant mothers from South West England.MethodsUrine samples were obtained from 308 women participating in a study of breech presentation in late pregnancy. They had no known thyroid disease and a singleton pregnancy at 36–38 weeks gestation. Samples were analysed for urinary concentrations of iodine (UIC), perchlorate (UPC) and thiocyanate (UTC). Blood samples were taken for free T4 (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab). Baseline data included age, parity, smoking status, ethnicity and BMI at booking. Following delivery, data on offspring’s sex, gestational age at birth and birthweight were collected.ResultsParticipants had a mean (SD) age 31 (5) years, median (IQR) BMI 24.4 (22.0, 28.3) kg/m2, 42% were primiparous, 10% were smokers, and 96% were Caucasian. Median UIC was 88 μg/l, and 174/308 (57%) women had UIC < 100 μg/l. Log transformed UPC negatively correlated with FT4, but not with TSH, in the whole cohort (r = − 0.12, p = 0.03) and in the subgroup of women with UIC < 100 μg/l (r = − 0.15, p = 0.04). Regression analysis with the potential confounders (TPO-Ab status, UIC and UTC) identified UPC to be negatively associated with FT4 (p = 0.01). There was no correlation between UTC and FT4 or TSH. Maternal UPC or UTC was not associated with offspring birthweight.ConclusionEnvironmental perchlorate exposure is negatively associated with circulating FT4 levels in third trimester pregnant women. This may have an adverse impact on neurocognitive development of the fetus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of perchlorate and thiocyanate exposure on thyroid function of pregnant women from South-West England: a cohort study

Knight

Shields

et al. 2018

Thyroid Res

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“…Although no direct correlation of perchlorate and these parameters was described, the increase in perchlorate, thiocyanate and urine nitrate concentrations was correlated with a slower waist and BMI increase. This contrasts with the results described above [124][125][126][127], where newborns were studied, but no dependence was found, or they were found only in boys or only for head circumference.…”

Section: Association Between Perchlorate Exposure and Children Gross contrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, studies conducted by Taylor et al [133] appear to confirm that the dependence of IQ decrease in three-yearold children was invariably upheld along with the increase in perchlorate in the urine of their mothers. Certainly, further studies and affirmations are required to describe the correlation of goitrogen exposure and the size of newborns, as also in this case, existing reports [124][125][126][127] do not allow for the formulation of unambiguous conclusions. In addition to the studies presented in the present review, perchlorate in human urine have also been found in China [8,140], in Haiti [141] and Kuwait [142] and in maternal milk in the USA [83,143] and in human blood in China [144].…”

Section: Other Potential Perchlorate Exposure Health Riskmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In addition, a significant negative relationship between the level of FT 4 and T 4 and positive for TSH in the plasma of newborns and the concentration of perchlorate in their mothers was described. Besides, the work of Evans et al [126], where 107 mother-child pairs were examined. The study points to no relevant correlations between the concentration of NIS inhibitors (including perchlorate) in urine and the height and weight of newborns as well as the week of delivery.…”

Section: Association Between Perchlorate Exposure and Children Gross mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perchlorate – properties, toxicity and human health effects: an updated review

Niziński

Błażewicz

Kończyk

et al. 2020

Reviews on Environmental Health

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Interest in perchlorate as environmental pollutant has increased since 1997, when high concentrations have been found in the waters of the Colorado River, USA. Perchlorate is very persistent in nature and it is slowly degraded. Although harmful effects of large doses of perchlorate on thyroid function have been proven, the environmental effects are still unclear. The primary objective of the present review is to collect prevailing data of perchlorate exposure and to discuss its impact on human health. The results show that more than 50% of reviewed works found significant associations of perchlorate exposure and human health. This review consists of the following sections: general information of perchlorate sources, its properties and determination methods, role and sources in human body including food and water intake, overview of the scientific literature on the research on the effect of perchlorate on human health from 2010 to 2020. Finally, conclusions and recommendations on future perchlorate studies concerning human exposure are presented.

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“…For example, in northern Chile, birthweights were similar in infants from cities with drinking water perchlorate concentrations of 113.9 µg/L (n=55 subjects), 5.82 µg/L (n=48), and below detection (n=55) although a large fraction of the subjects from the higher exposure city moved to and gave birth in the larger lower exposure city (30). In a recent study in New Jersey, maternal urinary perchlorate concentrations were not related to birthweight, although the sample size was small (n=107) and all subjects were recruited from a high risk pregnancy clinic (29). The study presented here is the first report of perchlorate exposure potentially altering birthweight, and the first to examine perchlorate and preterm birth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal perchlorate exposure in pregnancy and altered birth outcomes

Rubin

Pearl

Kharrazi

et al. 2017

Environmental Research

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Background At high medicinal doses perchlorate is known to decrease the production of thyroid hormone, a critical factor for fetal development. In a large and uniquely exposed cohort of pregnant women, we recently identified associations between environmental perchlorate exposures and decreased maternal thyroid hormone during pregnancy. Here, we investigate whether perchlorate might be associated with birthweight or preterm birth in the offspring of these women. Methods Maternal urinary perchlorate, serum thyroid hormone concentrations, birthweight, gestational age, and urinary nitrate, thiocyanate, and iodide were collected in 1,957 mother-infant pairs from San Diego County during 2000–2003, a period when the county’s water supply was contaminated with perchlorate. Associations between perchlorate exposure and birth outcomes were examined using linear and logistic regression analyses adjusted for maternal age, weight, race/ethnicity, and other factors. Results Perchlorate was not associated with birth outcomes in the overall population. However, in analyses confined to male infants, log10 maternal perchlorate concentrations were associated with increasing birthweight (β=143.1 gm, p=0.01), especially among preterm births (β=829.1 g, p<0.001). Perchlorate was associated with male preterm births >2500 g (odds ratio=3.03, 95% confidence interval=1.09–8.40, p-trend=0.03). Similar associations were not seen in females. Conclusions This is the first study to identify associations between perchlorate and increasing birthweight. Further research is needed to explore the differences we identified related to infant sex, preterm birth, and other factors. Given that perchlorate exposure is ubiquitous, and that long-term impacts can follow altered birth outcomes, future research on perchlorate could have widespread public health importance.

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Association of prenatal perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate exposure with neonatal size and gestational age

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of perchlorate and thiocyanate exposure on thyroid function of pregnant women from South-West England: a cohort study

Effect of perchlorate and thiocyanate exposure on thyroid function of pregnant women from South-West England: a cohort study

Perchlorate – properties, toxicity and human health effects: an updated review

Maternal perchlorate exposure in pregnancy and altered birth outcomes

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