Association of Polymorphic and Haplotype Variants of the MSX1 Gene and the Impacted Teeth Phenomenon

Abstract

It is known that genetic factors determine odontogenesis; furthermore, studies have revealed that various genes in humans can regulate the development of different types and generations of teeth. In this study it has been assumed that tooth impaction—at least to some extent—also depends on the presence of specific genetic markers, especially allelic variants of the MSX1 gene. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the suitability of selected molecular markers located within the MSX1 gene for the determination of the risk of tooth impaction in particular patients. The study participants were divided into two groups: (1) the study group—at least one secondary tooth was impacted in the jaws; (2) the control group—no impacted tooth in the jaws. Real-Time PCR and TaqMan probes were used to detect selected polymorphisms in the analyzed genes. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms of MSX1 were analyzed. After the two subgroups of patients were distinguished in the study group based on the number of impacted teeth, statistically significant differences in the frequency of genotypes described for rs12532 in the MSX1 gene were found.

The Pattern of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction and Assessment of Surgery Difficulty: A Retrospective Study of Radiographs in East Baltic Population

“…The MSX1 and AXIN2 genes may be considered as components of the genetic background, characterized by variable expressivity. As such, they promote tooth impaction in circumstances where specific environmental factors coexist and depending on the presence of other modulating genetic factors, additionally increasing the risk and stimulating the onset of abnormalities and/or increasing the degree of phenotypic manifestation of symptoms—such as the number of impacted teeth in the carrier [ 9 ]. Two-dimensional panoramic radiographs found that the initial mineralization time of mandibular third molar germs is 8–9 years old.…”

Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Application on Non-Infectious Complications after Surgical Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars

“…Differences in the type of food consumed and physical activity result in a reduction in jaw size [1,2]. Genetic factors are also taken into account [3,4]. Lack of sufficient space for the eruption of the third molar is not infrequently manifested by pain, periradicular inflammation, root resorption of adjacent teeth, and cyst formation [2,5].…”

Evaluation of the Effect of Surgical Extraction of an Impacted Mandibular Third Molar on the Periodontal Status of the Second Molar—Prospective Study

“…Parafunctions and abnormal eating habits, such as the consumption of soft textured foods by children, lead to abnormal oral development and consequently malocclusion [ 15 , 16 ]. The most common cause of tooth impaction is a deficit of space in the dental arch, impaction can also be the result of an abnormal position and path of eruption of the bud, tooth morphology, or function of the dental follicle, and genetic causes [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Over the last 40 years, there has been an increase in the incidence of tooth impaction, which is a consequence of the development of civilization.…”