Association of Parental Myopia With Higher Risk of Myopia Among Multiethnic Children Before School Age

Jiang, Xuejuan; Tarczy-Hornoch, Kristina; Cotter, Susan A.; Matsumura, Saiko; Rose, Kathryn A.; Katz, Joanne; Saw, Seang‐Mei; Varma, Rohit

doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.0412

Cited by 42 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Consistent with other longitudinal studies, we also found a higher risk of myopia in children with two myopic parents compared with those in one- and no-myopic-parent families [ 35 – 37 ]. However, we did not find a statistically significant difference between children having only one myopic parent and children not having a myopic parent in the risk of myopia onset.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prediction of premyopia and myopia in Chinese preschool children: a longitudinal cohort

Liu

Huang

et al. 2021

BMC Ophthalmol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Backgrounds Myopia has become a global public health problem. Children with early onset of myopia are at particular risk of complications associated with myopia. Younger children and children with greater initial myopic refractive errors are at a greater risk of myopia progression. Therefore, it is essential to identify subjects at high risk of developing myopia to facilitate myopia prevention in the early stage, especially during the preschool period. The purpose of this study was to determine whether premyopia and myopia in preschool children can be predicted by easily obtainable parameters. Methods Data was collected in a population-based cohort. Comprehensive examinations included height, weight, refraction, axial length (AL), and corneal radius of curvature (CR), with a follow-up of 2 years. Parental myopia history was obtained from a questionnaire. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ − 0.50 D. Premyopia was defined as − 0.50 D < SE ≤ + 0.75 D. Multivariate linear regression models were fitted to determine the associations between these parameters at baseline and future SE. To predict premyopia and myopia, Cox proportional hazard regression analysis coupled with a nomogram was used. Results A total of 830 children (433 boys and 397 girls) were included (40.83 ± 3.43 months old at baseline). A significantly negative relationship was observed in the multivariate analysis between baseline AL, AL/CR, two myopic parents, and the future SE after adjusting for age and gender (coefficient = − 0.291, coefficient = − 5.791, coefficient = − 0.273, respectively, both p < 0.001). Higher baseline AL, AL/CR (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.916, HR = 2.979, respectively, comparing the top quartile with the bottom quartile, both p < 0.001) and two myopic parents (HR = 1.756, compared to no myopic parents, p = 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of future onset of premyopia. From the nomogram, AL/CR was found to have the most enormous effect on survival. Different baseline AL and AL/CR values (both Log Rank p < 0.001) had different survival curves. Conclusions AL and AL/CR could be used as obtainable indicators for identifying subjects at high risk of developing premyopia and myopia in young preschool children.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prediction of premyopia and myopia in Chinese preschool children: a longitudinal cohort

Liu

Huang

et al. 2021

BMC Ophthalmol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…171 A purely genetic explanation for rare, monogenic (syndromic) forms of myopia is clear, but the impact of parental myopia is also seen for school myopia. Studies covering a range of different ethnic groups have shown that having one or two parents with myopia increases the risk of myopia in children, 26,[172][173][174][175][176][177][178] although the relative risk is naturally lower in populations with a high baseline prevalence of myopia.…”

Section: Ethnicity Ethnicity or Race Has Often Been Proposedmentioning

confidence: 99%

IMI Risk Factors for Myopia

Morgan

Ostrin

et al. 2021

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

Self Cite

193

160

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Risk factor analysis provides an important basis for developing interventions for any condition. In the case of myopia, evidence for a large number of risk factors has been presented, but they have not been systematically tested for confounding. To be useful for designing preventive interventions, risk factor analysis ideally needs to be carried through to demonstration of a causal connection, with a defined mechanism. Statistical analysis is often complicated by covariation of variables, and demonstration of a causal relationship between a factor and myopia using Mendelian randomization or in a randomized clinical trial should be aimed for. When strict analysis of this kind is applied, associations between various measures of educational pressure and myopia are consistently observed. However, associations between more nearwork and more myopia are generally weak and inconsistent, but have been supported by meta-analysis. Associations between time outdoors and less myopia are stronger and more consistently observed, including by meta-analysis. Measurement of nearwork and time outdoors has traditionally been performed with questionnaires, but is increasingly being pursued with wearable objective devices. A causal link between increased years of education and more myopia has been confirmed by Mendelian randomization, whereas the protective effect of increased time outdoors from the development of myopia has been confirmed in randomized clinical trials. Other proposed risk factors need to be tested to see if they modulate these variables. The evidence linking increased screen time to myopia is weak and inconsistent, although limitations on screen time are increasingly under consideration as interventions to control the epidemic of myopia.

show abstract

“…71 However, parental myopia was associated with a greater risk of early-onset myopia in a recent study. 75 Cognitive functions and education. Education seems to be important in triggering the onset of myopia, but less important in determining the degree to which myopia progresses.…”

Section: Personal Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute

Németh

Tapasztó

Aclimandos

et al. 2021

European Journal of Ophthalmology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The prevalence of myopia is increasing extensively worldwide. The number of people with myopia in 2020 is predicted to be 2.6 billion globally, which is expected to rise up to 4.9 billion by 2050, unless preventive actions and interventions are taken. The number of individuals with high myopia is also increasing substantially and pathological myopia is predicted to become the most common cause of irreversible vision impairment and blindness worldwide and also in Europe. These prevalence estimates indicate the importance of reducing the burden of myopia by means of myopia control interventions to prevent myopia onset and to slow down myopia progression. Due to the urgency of the situation, the European Society of Ophthalmology decided to publish this update of the current information and guidance on management of myopia. The pathogenesis and genetics of myopia are also summarized and epidemiology, risk factors, preventive and treatment options are discussed in details.

show abstract

Association of Parental Myopia With Higher Risk of Myopia Among Multiethnic Children Before School Age

Cited by 42 publications

References 35 publications

Prediction of premyopia and myopia in Chinese preschool children: a longitudinal cohort

Prediction of premyopia and myopia in Chinese preschool children: a longitudinal cohort

IMI Risk Factors for Myopia

Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About