Association of lifestyle factors and inflammation with sarcopenic obesity: data from the PREDIMED‐Plus trial

Abete, Itziar; Konieczna, Jadwiga; Zulet, M. Ángeles; Galmés-Panadés, Aina María; Ibero-Baraibar, Idoia; Babió, Nancy; Estruch, Ramón; Vidal, Josep; Toledo, Estefanía; Razquín, Cristina; Bartolomé, Rafael; Díaz‐López, Andrés; Fiol, Miquel; Casas, Rosa; Vera, Josep; Buil‐Cosiales, Pilar; Pintó, Xavier; Corbella, Emili; Portillo, Marı́a P.; Paz, José Antonio de; Martín, Vicente; Daimiel, Lidia; Goday, Albert; Rosique-Esteban, Núria; Salas‐Salvadó, Jordi; Romaguera, Dora; Martínéz, J. Alfredo; Investigators, PREDIMED-Plus

doi:10.1002/jcsm.12442

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Our findings indicate that a low FI is detrimental for the maintenance of muscle mass in older adults. This is in line with the PREDIMED-plus study reporting lower FI in participants with low muscle mass compared to those with higher muscle mass [12]. Dietary fibre's impact on muscle mass may be explained by its action on gut microflora and circulating free fatty acid concentration, which may attenuate systemic inflammation [41,42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In this respect, adherence to healthy dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean Diet and the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), has been linked to beneficial health effects in older adults [10,11]. A recent investigation showed that adherence to healthy dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet can mitigate the age-related decline in muscle mass [12]. Importantly, a key feature of healthy diets is the high fibre content related to fruit, vegetable, legume and whole-grain intake [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Fibre May Mitigate Sarcopenia Risk: Findings from the NU-AGE Cohort of Older European Adults

et al. 2020

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Sarcopenia is characterised by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and physical function as well as related metabolic disturbances. While fibre-rich diets can influence metabolic health outcomes, the impact on skeletal muscle mass and function is yet to be determined, and the moderating effects by physical activity (PA) need to be considered. The aim of the present study was to examine links between fibre intake, skeletal muscle mass and physical function in a cohort of older adults from the NU-AGE study. In 981 older adults (71 ± 4 years, 58% female), physical function was assessed using the short-physical performance battery test and handgrip strength. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was derived using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Dietary fibre intake (FI) was assessed by 7-day food record and PA was objectively determined by accelerometery. General linear models accounting for covariates including PA level, protein intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS) were used. Women above the median FI had significantly higher SMI compared to those below, which remained in fully adjusted models (24.7 ± 0.2% vs. 24.2 ± 0.1%, p = 0.011, η2p = 0.012). In men, the same association was only evident in those without MetS (above median FI: 32.4 ± 0.3% vs. below median FI: 31.3 ± 0.3%, p = 0.005, η2p = 0.035). There was no significant impact of FI on physical function outcomes. The findings from this study suggest a beneficial impact of FI on skeletal muscle mass in older adults. Importantly, this impact is independent of adherence to guidelines for protein intake and PA, which further strengthens the potential role of dietary fibre in preventing sarcopenia. Further experimental work is warranted in order to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning the action of dietary fibre on the regulation of muscle mass.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fibre May Mitigate Sarcopenia Risk: Findings from the NU-AGE Cohort of Older European Adults

et al. 2020

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“…Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, and the aforementioned comorbidities are also associated with increased levels of inflammation and dysregulated anabolic hormones, which may further exacerbate anabolic resistance [110]. Indeed, these comorbidities and lifestyle factors are typically associated with low muscle mass and sarcopenia and may also contribute to anabolic resistance [111]. For example, the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade is a key pathway in regulating growth, with its activation, particularly by the anabolic hormone insulin, inhibiting the atrophy-related protein forkhead Box-O1 (FOXO) while also activating mTORc1 [112,113].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Muscle Maintenance and Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions: long-term health effects of short-term muscle loss

et al. 2020

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The COVID-19 pandemic is an extraordinary global emergency that has led to the implementation of unprecedented measures in order to stem the spread of the infection. Internationally, governments are enforcing measures such as travel bans, quarantine, isolation, and social distancing leading to an extended period of time at home. This has resulted in reductions in physical activity and changes in dietary intakes that have the potential to accelerate sarcopenia, a deterioration of muscle mass and function (more likely in older populations), as well as increases in body fat. These changes in body composition are associated with a number of chronic, lifestyle diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, osteoporosis, frailty, cognitive decline, and depression. Furthermore, CVD, diabetes, and elevated body fat are associated with greater risk of COVID-19 infection and more severe symptomology, underscoring the importance of avoiding the development of such morbidities. Here we review mechanisms of sarcopenia and their relation to the current data on the effects of COVID-19 confinement on physical activity, dietary habits, sleep, and stress as well as extended bed rest due to COVID-19 hospitalization. The potential of these factors to lead to an increased likelihood of muscle loss and chronic disease will be discussed. By offering a number of home-based strategies including resistance exercise, higher protein intakes and supplementation, we can potentially guide public health authorities to avoid a lifestyle disease and rehabilitation crisis post-COVID-19. Such strategies may also serve as useful preventative measures for reducing the likelihood of sarcopenia in general and in the event of future periods of isolation.

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“…As the lack of sufficient activity on daily basis can be seen as a main cause of chronic diseases, it has been examined as an effective target for the prevention of chronic conditions, such as sarcopenia, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, cancers, and obesity . Physical activity or exercise is a promising strategy to decelerate sarcopenic process . Various types of exercise training are shown to increase capillarization in older people and likely be beneficial in ameliorating the stem cell response, ultimately reducing and/or delaying the impact of sarcopenia …”

Section: Current Preventive Strategies For Sarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanisms and treatments for sarcopenia: could exosomes be a perspective research strategy in the future?

Rong

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2020

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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The age-related loss of muscle mass and muscle function known as sarcopenia is a primary contributor to the problems faced by the old people. Sarcopenia has been a major public health problem with high prevalence in many countries. The related underlying molecular mechanisms of sarcopenia are not completely understood. This review is focused on the potential mechanisms and current research strategies for sarcopenia with the aim of facilitating the recognition and treatment of age-related sarcopenia. Previous studies suggested that protein synthesis and degradation, autophagy, impaired satellite cell activation, mitochondria dysfunction, and other factors associated with muscle weakness and muscle degeneration may be potential molecular pathophysiology of sarcopenia. Importantly, we also prospectively highlight that exosomes (small vesicles) as carriers can regulate muscle regeneration and protein synthesis according to recent researches. Dietary strategies and exercise represent the interventions that can also alleviate the progression of sarcopenia. At last, building on recent studies pointing to exosomes with the roles in increasing muscle regeneration, mediating the beneficial effects of exercise, and serving as messengers of intercellular communication and as carriers for research strategies of many diseases, we propose that exosomes could be a potential research direction or strategies of sarcopenia in the future.

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Association of lifestyle factors and inflammation with sarcopenic obesity: data from the PREDIMED‐Plus trial

Cited by 46 publications

References 43 publications

Dietary Fibre May Mitigate Sarcopenia Risk: Findings from the NU-AGE Cohort of Older European Adults

Dietary Fibre May Mitigate Sarcopenia Risk: Findings from the NU-AGE Cohort of Older European Adults

Sarcopenia during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions: long-term health effects of short-term muscle loss

The mechanisms and treatments for sarcopenia: could exosomes be a perspective research strategy in the future?

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