Association of infant pneumococcal vaccination with pneumococcal pneumonia among mothers: A nested case–control study using the GPRD

Abstract

Since implementation of infant immunization with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), increased rates of pneumococcal pneumonia have been reported among adults. Using a cohort of mother-infant pairs identified from the General Practice Research Database in the UK we found that from 2006 to 2010 the annual incidence rate of pneumococcal pneumonia among mothers increased from 61/100,000 to 81/100,000. We identified 43 cases of pneumococcal pneumonia in mothers and 430 control mother-infant pairs. The conditional odds ratio of pneumococcal pneumonia in mothers whose infants received a three-dose series of PCV7 compared to mothers whose infants received zero, one, or two doses was 4.0 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.0-15.8), and 11.0 (95%CI: 1.2-98.6) when compared with mothers whose infants received no vaccinations. The incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia may have increased in mothers following the introduction of PCV7, possibly because mothers whose infants received PCV7 are at increased risk for pneumococcal pneumonia. Though there is a chance of bias inherent to observational studies, the study findings support close monitoring of adult pneumococcal disease and potential role of adult vaccination needs to be explored.

Sex differences in invasive pneumococcal disease and the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in the Netherlands, 2004 to 2015

“…Socially defined roles may explain this phenomenon. Women of childbearing age could be at increased risk for replacement disease because of close contact with PCV7/10-vaccinated children as was hypothesised in other studies [22,23]. In Scotland before PCV7 introduction, a higher IPD incidence was observed in 35–49 year-old women based on data from 1992 to 2007 [32].…”

“…Hak et al reported an increase in the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia in mothers of young infants after introduction of PCV7 in the United Kingdom (UK) [22]. In the Netherlands, a significant increase in IPD incidence was observed in middle-aged women 2–4 years after introduction of PCV7, mainly due to the emergence of serotype 1, which was not observed in men in the same age group [23].…”

Burden of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in adults across Europe: A literature review

“…[5,25,28,29,[35][36][37][39][40][41]46,49,51,53,55,64,69,72,84,88,89,91,93]. The lowest incidence of all-cause pneumonia was reported in Spain between 1999 and 2001 in patients aged 15-44 years…”

“…[5,[26][27][28][29]31,[34][35][36]39,40,44,46,51,[53][54][55][56][57]60,64,67,[70][71][72][74][75][76][77]80,88,89,[91][92][93]96].…”

Increased incidence of serotype-1 invasive pneumococcal disease in young female adults in The Netherlands

“…Recently, a study was published investigating the risk of pneumococcal pneumonia in mothers of young infants in the UK [7]. The annual incidence * Author for correspondence: Mrs S. P. van Mens, Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, St Antonius Hospital, PO Box 2500, 3430 EM Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.…”