Burden of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in adults across Europe: A literature review

Torres, Antoni; Blasi, Francesco; Chalmers, James D.; Gaillat, J.; Dartois, Nathalie; Schmitt, H. J.; Welte, Tobias

doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2018.02.007

Cited by 98 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains an important worldwide health problem. It is responsible for hospitalization, re-admissions, pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications, and short-and long-term mortality [1,2,3]. The clinical presentation of CAP ranges from mild or localized to severe or systemic disease, which may be associated with complications such as sepsis, septic shock, and respiratory failure, even leading to multiple organ dysfunction and death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia

Liapikou

Cillóniz

Palomeque

et al. 2019

Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs

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Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia is the most common infection leading to hospitalization and death in all age groups, especially in elderly populations. Increasing antibiotic resistance among the common bacterial pathogens associated with community-acquired pneumonia, especially Streptococcus pneumoniae and staphylococci, has made its empirical treatment increasingly problematic, highlighting the need for effective antibiotic therapy. Areas covered: We searched PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov for English-language reports of phase III clinical trials conducted between 2000 and 2019 concerning the antibiotic treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. We provide a summary of the latest approved drugs for this indication and highlight emerging drugs with a potential indication. Expert opinion: Ceftaroline (a new cephalosporine) and omadacycline (a cycline alternative), either parenterally or orally, are the only two new antibiotics to have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in the last five years. Among the antimicrobials in development, Lefamulin (the first pleuromutilin), is currently in phase III development. Among the known antibiotic classes, solithromycin (a macrolide), nemonoxacin (a quinolone), and delafloxacin and zabofloxacin (both fluoroquinolones), have been studied in phase II and III in clinical trials. The availability of these new antibiotics may offer opportunities to improve the empirical treatment for community-acquired pneumonia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia

Liapikou

Cillóniz

Palomeque

et al. 2019

Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs

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“…Other serotypes, such as 19A, 3 and 6A, remain important contributors to IPD after PCV13. In Europe, the most prevalent serotypes causing community-acquired pneumonia in adults are included in PCV13, and bacteraemic pneumonia is mainly caused by serotypes 1, 3, 7F, 19A and 14 [39,40]. The PCR-RFLP system described here may be used to easily discriminate the prevalent serotypes 1, 3, 6A, 14 and 19A, included in PCV13, as well as non-PCV13 serotypes such as 24F, 23B and 10A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Pneumococcal Serotypes by PCR–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

et al. 2019

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Streptococcus pneumoniae shows more than 90 capsular serotypes that can be distinguished by their reactivity against antisera. The main objective of this work was the development of a molecular method for serotyping without the use of antisera. A computer program containing an algorithm was used to search in a database for potentially useful enzymes for Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism-RFLP typing, in order to maximize the discrimination between different serotypes. DNA sequences of 90 serotypes for the region between dexB and aliA genes were compiled, and a computer screening of restriction enzymes was performed. The wzg–wzh–wzd–wze region and Sse9I restriction predicted unique PCR-RFLP patterns for 39 serotypes and eight serogroups. A second restriction enzyme resolved fragment specific patterns for 25 serotypes. The method was tested with 98 serotype-unknown clinical isolates. PCR-RFLP analysis deduced correct serotypes that were confirmed by Quellung reaction for 78.5% of the isolates.

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“…By age groups, those adults between 65 and 79 years showed a rate of 63.0 cases per 10,000 adults, whereas the group with ≥80 years showed the highest rate, with 164.3 cases per 10,000 adults. In the study by Torres et al (10) performed in Europe, excluding Turkey, the overall incidence rate for CAP was 68-7000 per 100,000.…”

Section: Cap Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 96%

Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults: What’s New Focusing on Epidemiology, Microorganisms and Diagnosis?

Romero¹,

Rello²

2018

Erciyes Med J

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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common causes of hospital admissions and death worldwide. The incidence and mortality of CAP are associated with the presence of comorbidities and increasing age. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent causative microorganism of CAP, although in many patients with CAP, the causative microorganism remains unknown. Currently, antimicrobial resistance is increasing, so the accurate diagnosis and determination of the causative microorganism are even more important. This is a key point in reducing both morbidity and mortality from CAP, and appropriate antimicrobial stewardship is now a global priority. This review summarizes on the epidemiology, microbiological etiology, and diagnosis of CAP in adults.

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Burden of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in adults across Europe: A literature review

Cited by 98 publications

References 103 publications

Emerging antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia

Emerging antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia

Identification of Pneumococcal Serotypes by PCR–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults: What’s New Focusing on Epidemiology, Microorganisms and Diagnosis?

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