Association of human interleukin-35 level in gingival crevicular fluid and serum in periodontal health, disease, and after nonsurgical therapy: A comparative study

Raj, Subash Chandra; Panda, Subhashree Manaswini; Dash, Muktikesh; Patnaik, Kaushik; Mohanty, Devapratim; Katti, Neelima; Mahapatra, Annuroopa; Mishra, Debasis; Praharaj, K. C.

doi:10.4103/ccd.ccd_51_18

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Many studies evaluated simultaneously different biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and in the bloodstream, based on the hypothesis that chronic periodontal inflammation induces a chronic systemic inflammatory status. In a recent study, in a cohort of 60 patients divided in three equal groups (healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis), the concentration of GCF and serum interleukin (IL) 35 was found significantly higher in the periodontitis group (Raj et al, ). The same results were found for other inflammatory markers, such as visfatin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), oncostatin M, protein carbonyl, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic inflammatory burden and local inflammation in periodontitis: What is the link between inflammatory biomarkers in serum and gingival crevicular fluid?

Zekeridou

Mombelli

Cancela

et al. 2019

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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In periodontitis patients, high levels of several inflammatory markers may be expressed in serum, reflecting the effect of local disease on the general health. The objective of the present analysis was to compare cytokine levels assessed in peripheral blood with those in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and evaluate the impact of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on the incidence of high levels of 12 biomarkers in serum. Twenty‐four patients with chronic periodontitis (Group P) contributed with serum and GCF samples at baseline (BL) and 1 and 3 months after periodontal treatment (M1 and M3). Samples were assessed for 12 cytokines using the Bio‐Plex bead array multianalyte detection system. For each analyte, peak values were calculated as greater than the mean + 2 SD of the one found in 60 periodontally healthy participants. Significant correlations between serum and GCF values were obtained in the periodontitis group for interleukin (IL) 1ra, IL‐6, and interferon γ at BL and for macrophage inflammatory protein 1β at M3 after treatment. Periodontitis subjects were found to exhibit high peaks for several inflammatory markers in serum. The highest incidence of peaks at BL was found for interferon γ (37.5% of the periodontitis subjects). For the four biomarkers with a detection frequency of >75% at BL (IL‐1ra, IL‐8, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β, and vascular endothelial growth factor), no significant difference was observed over time for the P group or between the two groups at BL. The significant correlation found between the serum and the GCF for certain cytokines and the fact that periodontitis subjects exhibit high peaks for several inflammatory markers in serum may support the hypothesis that the inflammatory reaction due to periodontitis is not restricted to the diseased sites. Within the limitations of the study, periodontal therapy did not seem to have any significant impact on the systemic cytokine levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic inflammatory burden and local inflammation in periodontitis: What is the link between inflammatory biomarkers in serum and gingival crevicular fluid?

Zekeridou

Mombelli

Cancela

et al. 2019

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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“…Another study also demonstrated that IL-35 in GCF and serum of CP patients was significantly higher than that in the control group [41]. Non-surgical periodontal therapy correspondingly decreased the IL-35 level in GCF compared with untreated CP patients [42], suggesting an important role of IL-35 in chronic inflammation of CP. However, IL-35 and periodontal clinical indicators have been correlated negatively [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

IL-35 and RANKL Synergistically Induce Osteoclastogenesis in RAW264 Mouse Monocytic Cells

Kamiya

Kikuchi

Goto

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Interleukin (IL)-35 is an immunosuppressive cytokine mainly produced by regulatory T cells. IL-35 mediates immunological functions by suppressing the inflammatory immune response. However, the role of IL-35 in bone-destructive diseases remains unclear, especially in terms of osteoclastogenesis. Therefore, the current study investigated the synergistic effect of IL-35 on osteoclastogenesis that is involved the pathogeneses of periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoclastic differentiation and osteoclastogenesis of RAW264 (RAW) cells induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL) and IL-35 were evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphate staining, hydroxyapatite resorption assays, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The effect of IL-35 on RANKL-stimulated signaling pathways was assessed by Western blot analysis. Costimulation of RAW cells by RANKL and IL-35 induced osteoclastogenesis significantly compared with stimulation by RANKL alone. Phosphorylations of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase tended to be increased by RANKL and IL-35 compared with RANKL or IL-35 alone. Additionally, the osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL and IL-35 was suppressed by inhibition of ERK. In this study, IL-35 and RANKL induced osteoclastogenesis synergistically. Previous reports have shown that IL-35 suppresses the differentiation of osteoclasts. Therefore, IL-35 might play dual roles of destruction and protection in osteoclastogenesis.

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“…IL-35, a member of the IL-12 family, is an anti-inflammatory cytokine responsible for immune system maintenance, leading to Treg expansion and Th17 cell inhibition [37]. IL-35 is not constitutively expressed in human tissue, but it is produced in response to inflammatory stimuli [38], such as periodontitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Salivary Cytokines and Vitamin D Levels in Periodontopathic Patients

Costantini

Sinjari

Piscopo

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Periodontal disease (PD) is an inflammatory condition of the tissues supporting the teeth, which is widespread among the adult population. Evidence shows a relationship between PD and vitamin D levels, which is involved in the regulation of bone metabolism, mineral homeostasis, and inflammatory response. This study aimed to perform a simultaneous evaluation of inflammatory mediators and vitamin D levels in saliva in periodontopathic patients to better understand their role in periodontal disease. In this observational study, clinical periodontal parameter examination was performed for each patient. Moreover, the saliva levels of 25(OH)D3, TGFβ, IL-35, IL-17A, and MMP9 were evaluated using an ELISA assay. An increase in TGFβ, IL-35, MMP9, and IL-17A salivary levels and a reduction in 25(OH)D3 levels were observed in periodontopathic patients with respect to the healthy controls. The present study revealed significant positive correlation between cytokines and highly negative correlation between 25(OH)D3 and salivary cytokine levels. Further studies are needed to better understand if salivary cytokines and vitamin D evaluation may represent a new approach for detection and prevention of progressive diseases, such as PD.

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Association of human interleukin-35 level in gingival crevicular fluid and serum in periodontal health, disease, and after nonsurgical therapy: A comparative study

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Systemic inflammatory burden and local inflammation in periodontitis: What is the link between inflammatory biomarkers in serum and gingival crevicular fluid?

Systemic inflammatory burden and local inflammation in periodontitis: What is the link between inflammatory biomarkers in serum and gingival crevicular fluid?

IL-35 and RANKL Synergistically Induce Osteoclastogenesis in RAW264 Mouse Monocytic Cells

Evaluation of Salivary Cytokines and Vitamin D Levels in Periodontopathic Patients

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