Association of genital mycoplasma colonization with low birth weight

Paul, Vinod K.; Gupta, Usha; Singh, Meharban; Nag, Vijayalakshmi; Takkar, D.; Mk, Bhan

doi:10.1016/s0020-7292(98)00135-0

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…was, in our geographical area, practically the only Mycoplasma isolated, an observation confi rmed by other authors [19] , although in one series M. hominis was detected in up to 21% of the pregnant women [24] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…This fi nding is consistent with those of other studies, some of which report rates of up to 70% in pregnant women [10,18] . Although some authors have questioned its relationship to PTL and preterm delivery [11,18,19] , recent publications confi rm the results reported here with respect to the relationship between this microorganism and preterm delivery [20][21][22] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Value of Endocervical <i>Ureaplasma </i>Species Colonization as a Marker of Preterm Delivery

Bosquet

Gené²,

Ferrer³

et al. 2006

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Aims: To study the predictive value for preterm delivery of colonization of the cervix and vagina by ureaplasmas and other potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Methods: Prospective analysis of a study group of 200 pregnant women with preterm labor and intact membranes, and a control group of 50 pregnant women. The subjects in both groups were between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation. Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis endocervical cultures were performed for both groups. Results: In the study group, 70 of the women delivered preterm, and all women in the control group carried their pregnancies to full term. Cervical cultures for Ureaplasma spp. were positive in 119 women, and were isolated more frequently in the study group (51.5%) than in the control group (32%), and more frequently in subjects in the study group who delivered preterm (65%) than in those who had a full-term delivery (45%), differences that were statistically significant. Conclusion: Detection of Ureaplasma spp. in the endocervix has a statistically significant relationship to preterm labor (p = 0.03) and preterm delivery (p = 0.02) in pregnant women with preterm labor and intact membranes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Value of Endocervical <i>Ureaplasma </i>Species Colonization as a Marker of Preterm Delivery

Bosquet

Gené²,

Ferrer³

et al. 2006

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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“…M. hominis is considered a commensal microoorganism of the genital tract that can act as an opportunistic pathogen; therefore, a major diagnostic problem is to define its effective role as a cause of infection. Both trichomoniasis and mycoplasmosis are linked to numerous pregnancy and postpartum complications; trichomoniasis is associated with preterm birth and low birth weight (Cotch et al 1997), and mycoplasmosis has been related to spontaneous abortion, postpartum fever, endometritis, salpingitis, neonatal pneumonia and meningitis, and low birth weight (Platt et al 1980;Cassell et al 1991;Paul et al 1998). In 1975, Nielsen (1975 showed by transmission electron microscopy the presence of apparently intact mollicutes within the cytoplasm of T. vaginalis cells even after 6 weeks of in vitro cultivation, and Scholtyseck et al (1985) described the presence of Mycoplasma fermentans in cultures of T. vaginalis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma hominis and Trichomonas vaginalis symbiosis: multiplicity of infection and transmissibility of M. hominis to human cells

Rappelli

Carta

Delogu

et al. 2001

Archives of Microbiology

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We recently reported that most Trichomonas vaginalis isolates cultured in vitro are infected by Mycoplasma hominis. In this work, we have characterized some aspects of the relationships between the two microorganisms. PCR, cultivation, and immunological methods revealed that the number of M. hominis organisms carried by T. vaginalis in culture varied from isolate to isolate, suggesting a specific multiplicity of infection. Moreover, infected T. vaginalis isolates were able to pass bacteria not only to M. hominis-free protozoa, but also to human-derived epithelial cells. The in vitro transmission of the bacterium from T. vaginalis to both uninfected parasite isolates and human epithelial cells suggests a role for T. vaginalis as a carrier of the M. hominis infection in vivo.

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“…Interestingly, both M. hominis infections and trichomoniasis are associated with several pregnancy and postpartum complications, including preterm delivery and low-birth-weight infants (6,9,24,25). Mycoplasmas are the smallest selfreplicating organisms, with a genome of limited size that determines a strong metabolic dependence on host cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Survival and Intracellular Replication of Mycoplasma hominis in Trichomonas vaginalis Cells: Potential Role of the Protozoon in Transmitting Bacterial Infection

et al. 2005

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The existence of a symbiotic relationship between Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis, which is the first reported example of symbiosis between two obligate human pathogens, has been recently reported by our research group. In this work, we examined the cellular location of M. hominis in respect to T. vaginalis. By using gentamicin protection assays, double immunofluorescence, and confocal microscopy, we obtained strong evidence that M. hominis is located within protozoan cells. 5-Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assays showed that intracellularly located mycoplasmas actively synthesize DNA. Our results demonstrate that M. hominis has the capability of entering trichomonad cells and of replicating inside the protozoon. These findings suggest that symbiosis might provide the bacteria, during human infection, with the capability to resist to environmental stresses, such as host defense mechanisms and pharmacological therapies.Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoon responsible for trichomoniasis, one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in humans, estimated to affect at least 200 million people worldwide (37). Studies carried out with large groups of women suffering from vaginitis showed that T. vaginalis is clinically associated with Mycoplasma hominis (18, 35), a bacterium that, like the protozoon, resides exclusively in the human genital tract. The association is strictly species specific, since is not observed with Ureaplasma urealyticum, another Mollicutes species that is a much more common inhabitant of the human genital tract. The clinical association between the two pathogens has been recently explained by the demonstration of a symbiotic relationship between T. vaginalis and M. hominis (27). More than 90% of T. vaginalis clinical isolates from our collection proved to be infected by M. hominis independent of their geographic origin. Our recent work has allowed us to shed light on some aspects of the phenomenon (28).The presence of endosymbionts in free-living protozoa is frequently described, but it has been never reported in obligate parasitic protozoa. The first example of symbiosis involving a human pathogen was described for Legionella pneumophila, a bacterial pathogen that is responsible for Legionnaire's disease, and Acanthamoeba sp., a free-living opportunistic amoeba (30). The relationship between T. vaginalis and M. hominis is the only one described so far involving two obligate human pathogens. T. vaginalis is responsible for severe vaginitis accompanied by abdominal pain, itching, and foul-smelling discharge (29) and is mainly asymptomatic in men (20). Moreover, trichomoniasis is associated with an enhanced risk of neoplastic transformation in cervical tissues (38) and increased human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion in women (22,31). The mechanisms by which T. vaginalis exerts its pathogenic effects involve adhesion to host cells (1, 2, 19) and the activity of pH-dependent pore-forming proteins (14, 15) and of cytoskeleton-disrupting proteases (16). M. hominis c...

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Association of genital mycoplasma colonization with low birth weight

Abstract: U. urealyticum emerged as a common inhabitant of the lower genital tract of women in labor, being present in nearly half of them. Its presence was not a risk factor of LBW or prematurity. Maternal colonization with M. hominis was uncommon.

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Value of Endocervical <i>Ureaplasma </i>Species Colonization as a Marker of Preterm Delivery

Value of Endocervical <i>Ureaplasma </i>Species Colonization as a Marker of Preterm Delivery

Mycoplasma hominis and Trichomonas vaginalis symbiosis: multiplicity of infection and transmissibility of M. hominis to human cells

Long-Term Survival and Intracellular Replication of Mycoplasma hominis in Trichomonas vaginalis Cells: Potential Role of the Protozoon in Transmitting Bacterial Infection

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