Association of female genital mutilation and female sexual dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Pérez‐López, Faustino R.; Ornat, Lía; López‐Baena, María T.; Pérez-Roncero, Gonzalo; Tajada, Mauricio; Chedrau, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.09.031

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This practice is also called cutting, excision, or female circumcision. It is a destructive procedure performed for non-medical reasons that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia 2 . World Health Organization (WHO) classified FGM into four different types ranging from clitoridectomy (Type 1, Sunna), excision (Type 2), infibulation (Type 3, pharaonic), and Type 4 (piercing, pricking, scraping, incising, and cauterizing the genital area) 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Somalian women with female genital mutilation had increased risk of female sexual dysfunction: a cross-sectional observational study

Mohamed¹,

Mohamud²,

Mohamud³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Studies regarding the impact of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) on sexual function are scarce. This study is the first to explore the rate of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) among Somalian women who underwent FGM and its association with different FGM types. This study was carried out among women with a history of FGM who visited our clinic for a medical check-up. It relied on data including socio-demographic features, type of FGM determined by an examination, and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores. Overall, 255 women were included. While 43.9% (n = 112) of the respondents had a history of Type 3 FGM, 32.2% had Type 2 (n = 82), and 23.9% had Type 1 (n = 61) FGM. Among all patients, 223 had FSD (87.6%). There was a significant association between the FGM type and FSD (p < 0.001). The mean total FSFI score for the patients with Type 1, 2, and 3 FGM was 22.5, 19.7, and 17.3, respectively, all indicating FSD. The FSD is prevalent among mutilated Somalian women. Patients with Type 3 FGM had the lowest mean total FSFI scores indicating that the impact on sexual function was correlated with the extent of tissue damage during FGM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fite et al reported that women with FGM had lower sexual desire, less sexual satisfaction, and a higher risk of dyspareunia than other women 3 . In a systematic review of fifteen studies, including a total of 6672 women, Pérez-Lopeza et al reported that FGM was associated with an increased risk of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somalian women with female genital mutilation had increased risk of female sexual dysfunction: a cross-sectional observational study

Mohamed¹,

Mohamud²,

Mohamud³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The clinical data included the type of operation, and whether or not the patient underwent chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy. The female sexual function index (FSFI), which is one of the most commonly used scales to evaluate FSD worldwide (7,8), is a self-rating scale used to evaluate the sexual function of heterosexual women over the past 4 weeks. The scale includes 6 modules: sexual desire, sexual arousal, vaginal wetness, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain, with a total of 19 items.…”

Section: Research Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and risk factors of sexual dysfunction in young breast cancer survivors

Sun

et al. 2021

Ann Palliat Med

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Background: Sexual dysfunction is common in postoperative breast cancer patients, which seriously affects the quality of life of the patients, especially young patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of sexual dysfunction in young breast cancer survivors, so as to provide evidence for further intervention. Methods: A total of 201 young breast cancer patients who were hospitalized in our department from October 2017 to October 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. The general information questionnaire and the female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaire were used to evaluate the patients. Results: Of these patients, 83.08% (167/201) of young breast cancer patients had sexual dysfunction. Total mastectomy (OR value single factor =7.843, OR value multiple factor =6.815), chemotherapy (OR value single factor =11.876, OR value multiple factor =38.711), and endocrine therapy (OR value single factor =19.688, OR value multiple factor =46.251) were independent risk factors of sexual dysfunction in young breast cancer survivors (P<0.05).Conclusions: Our study suggests that the incidence of sexual dysfunction in young breast cancer survivors is at a high level. Increasing the rate of breast conserving surgery and targeted intervention in patients with risk factors may help to reduce the incidence of sexual dysfunction and improve the quality of life in young breast cancer survivors.

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“…This is largely due to difficulties involved in measuring sexuality in finding an appropriate comparison group as well as the complex interplay between physical, psychological and sociocultural aspects of sexuality (Esho, 2012;Johnson-Agbakwu and Warren, 2017). Thus, some studies find increased risk of impaired sexual function among women who have undergone FGC (Esho et al, 2017;Rouzi et al, 2017;Buggio et al, 2019;Pérez-López et al, 2020;Nzinga et al, 2021) while others do not (Obermeyer, 2005;Catania et al, 2007;Abdulcadir, 2016). Many of these studies, however, do not distinguish between the different types of FGC or variations in the anatomical extent of the cutting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impaired sexual function is characterized by difficulty moving through the stages of sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm, but also involves the subjective experience of sexual satisfaction (Rosen et al, 2000). Many of the existing studies investigating the effects of FGC on sexual function have used predefined questionnaires such as the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) (Catania et al, 2007;Ismail et al, 2017;Rouzi et al, 2017;Pérez-López et al, 2020;Nzinga et al, 2021). The FSFI is a wellused tool for measuring desire, subjective arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and pain (Rosen et al, 2000), but is not adapted to or validated for use among women with FGC or for many of the various cultural settings women with FGC belong to.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Damaged genitals”—Cut women's perceptions of the effect of female genital cutting on sexual function. A qualitative study from Sweden

et al. 2022

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Female genital cutting (FGC) is a traditional practice, commonly underpinned by cultural values regarding female sexuality, that involves the cutting of women's external genitalia, often entailing the removal of clitoral tissue and/or closing the vaginal orifice. As control of female sexual libido is a common rationale for FGC, international concern has been raised regarding its potential negative effect on female sexuality. Most studies attempting to measure the impact of FGC on women's sexual function are quantitative and employ predefined questionnaires such as the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). However, these have not been validated for cut women, or for all FGC-practicing countries or communities; nor do they capture cut women's perceptions and experiences of their sexuality. We propose that the subjective nature of sexuality calls for a qualitative approach in which cut women's own voices and reflections are investigated. In this paper, we seek to unravel how FGC-affected women themselves reflect upon and perceive the possible connection between FGC and their sexual function and intimate relationships. The study has a qualitative design and is based on 44 individual interviews with 25 women seeking clitoral reconstruction in Sweden. Its findings demonstrate that the women largely perceived the physical aspects of FGC, including the removal of clitoral tissue, to affect women's (including their own) sexual function negatively. They also recognized the psychological aspects of FGC as further challenging their sex lives and intimate relationships. The women desired acknowledgment of the physical consequences of FGC and of their sexual difficulties as “real” and not merely “psychological blocks”.

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Association of female genital mutilation and female sexual dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Somalian women with female genital mutilation had increased risk of female sexual dysfunction: a cross-sectional observational study

Somalian women with female genital mutilation had increased risk of female sexual dysfunction: a cross-sectional observational study

Incidence and risk factors of sexual dysfunction in young breast cancer survivors

“Damaged genitals”—Cut women's perceptions of the effect of female genital cutting on sexual function. A qualitative study from Sweden

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