Association of erythrocyte membrane fatty acids with changes in glycemia and risk of type 2 diabetes

Mahendran, Yuvaraj; Ågren, Jyrki; Uusitupa, Matti; Cederberg, Henna; Vangipurapu, Jagadish; Stančáková, Alena; Schwab, Ursula; Kuusisto, Johanna; Laakso, Markku

doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.069740

Cited by 80 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Our results are in agreement with a limited number of intervention studies suggesting that beneficial changes in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were observed when saturated fats are replaced by unsaturated fats in the diet [29][30][31]. As far as we know, our study is the first to demonstrate that estimated elongase activity predicts a decrease in the glucose AUC and better insulin sensitivity and secretion for all three fractions, consistent with our EMFA results [25] and offering possible mechanisms for improving glycaemia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…We adjusted our data for baseline insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, which only slightly weakened the statistical significance. In line with our previous EMFA findings [25], our results suggest that fatty acids (except for SFAs) may affect the risk of type 2 diabetes in a manner largely independent of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. Accumulation of liver fat and dyslipidemia could be other possible mechanisms to explain the associations of estimated SCD, D6D and D5D activities with type 2 diabetes risk [50].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…In agreement with previous studies, n-3 fatty acids were not associated with the worsening of glycaemia or the risk of incident type 2 diabetes [15,25,37]. The DHA sufficiency index (ratio of 22:6n-3 to 22:5n-6) was associated with improved insulin sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…We previously reported an association of EMFAs with the worsening of glycaemia and incident diabetes in a METSIM population sample [25]. All significant associations found between EMFAs and glycaemia were also found in the PL and CE fractions in our current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Furthermore, we were able to examine glucose burden using the glucose AUC based on a 2 h OGTT as a continuous variable, in addition to incident type 2 diabetes. Moreover, the fatty acids were measured in three lipid fractions, which enabled us to compare results between different fractions and with EMFAs, as reported earlier [25]. One limitation of the study is that the METSIM cohort includes only Finnish men; therefore, our findings may be generalised only to men in Nordic countries who have a similar diet and ethnic background to Finnish men [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma fatty acids as predictors of glycaemia and type 2 diabetes

et al. 2015

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Aims/hypothesis Our aim was to investigate the fasting proportions of fatty acids and estimated desaturase and elongase activities in three different lipid fractions in plasma, phospholipids (PLs), cholesteryl esters (CEs) and triacylglycerols (TGs), as predictors for the worsening of glycaemia (area under the glucose curve in an OGTT [glucose AUC]) and incident type 2 diabetes in a 5.9 year follow-up of the Metabolic Syndrome in Men population-based cohort. Methods Fatty acid proportions were measured in plasma PL, CE and TG fractions in 1,364 Finnish men aged 45-68 years at baseline. The prospective follow-up study included only men who were non-diabetic at baseline and had data available at follow-up (n=1,302). A total of 71 participants developed new type 2 diabetes during follow-up.Results After adjusting for confounding factors, total saturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) and estimated stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 and Δ 6 -desaturase (D6D) enzyme activities significantly predicted the worsening of glycaemia whereas total polyunsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and elongase activity predicted a decrease in the glucose AUC. Estimated D6D activity and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) were associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes. Results were consistent across the three different lipid fractions. However, fatty acid proportions in the PL and CE fractions were stronger predictors for glycaemia and incident type 2 diabetes compared with fatty acid proportions in the TG fraction. Conclusions/interpretation Selected fatty acid proportions of plasma lipid fractions and their ratios, which reflect desaturase and elongase enzyme activities, may be good biomarkers for the worsening of glycaemia and incident type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma fatty acids as predictors of glycaemia and type 2 diabetes

et al. 2015

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Hospital Diet Enriched With Rapeseed or Sunflower Oils Is Associated With a Decrease in Plasma 16:1n‐7 and Some Metabolic Disorders in the Elderly

Combe

Henry

López

et al. 2018

Lipids

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We recently demonstrated that the prevalence of dysglycemia was high among hospitalized elderly people who were fed a low fat diet (27.7% of energy) and was positively associated with plasma 16:1n-7, an indicator of de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Fatty acids in the DNL pathway have been shown to be associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential beneficial effects of fat enrichment (up to 34.1%en) of the hospital diet in 111 patients (30 men and 81 women, 84 ± 7 years) during 6 weeks. Based on gender, they were randomly given a diet supplemented either with rapeseed oil (RO) or with sunflower oil (SO). Fatty acids of cholesteryl esters and erythrocyte phospholipids and markers of metabolic disorders were evaluated before and after dietary intervention. Both enriched diets significantly, and to a similar extent, decreased (1) the overall prevalence of dysglycemia (by 25-33%) and MetS (by 31-43%) and (2) plasma 16:1n-7 mol% in men and women. Dysglycemia prevalence adjusted by the diets was reduced in men versus baseline; no change was found in women. Enrichment of the diet with RO or SO resulted in a difference in fatty acid compositions, that is, EPA (mol%) and the omega-3 index increased with RO, while proportions of 18:1n-7, 18:1n-9, and EPA decreased with SO. These findings highlight the need for adequate fat intake in the elderly. For supplementation of the hospital diet, RO, which led to a higher proportion of circulating n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and is known to be beneficial, may be preferred to SO.

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Erythrocyte linoleic acid, but not oleic acid, is associated with improvements in body composition in men and women

Belury

Cole

Bailey

et al. 2016

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope Supplementation with linoleic acid (LA; 18:2Ω6)-rich oils increases lean mass and decreases trunk adipose mass in people. Erythrocyte fatty acids reflect the dietary pattern of fatty acid intake and endogenous metabolism of fatty acids. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship of erythrocyte LA, with aspects of body composition, insulin resistance and inflammation. Additionally, we tested for relationships of oleic acid (OA) and the sum of long chain omega-three fatty acids (LC-Ω3-SUM), on the same outcomes. Methods and Results Men and women (N=139) were evaluated for body composition, insulin resistance, and serum inflammatory markers, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and c-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte fatty acid composition after an overnight fast. LA was positively related to appendicular lean mass/body mass index (ALM/BMI) and inversely related to trunk adipose mass. Additionally, LA was inversely related to insulin resistance and IL-6. While there was an inverse relationship between OA or LC-Ω3-SUM with markers of inflammation, there were no relationships between OA or LC-Ω3-SUM with body composition or HOMA-IR. Conclusions Higher erythrocyte LA was associated with improved body composition, insulin resistance and inflammation. Erythrocyte OA or LC-Ω3-SUM was unrelated to body composition and insulin resistance.

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Association of erythrocyte membrane fatty acids with changes in glycemia and risk of type 2 diabetes

Abstract: EMFAs and their ratios are associated longitudinally with changes in glycemia and the risk type 2 diabetes.

Cited by 80 publications

References 37 publications

Plasma fatty acids as predictors of glycaemia and type 2 diabetes

Plasma fatty acids as predictors of glycaemia and type 2 diabetes

Hospital Diet Enriched With Rapeseed or Sunflower Oils Is Associated With a Decrease in Plasma 16:1n‐7 and Some Metabolic Disorders in the Elderly

Erythrocyte linoleic acid, but not oleic acid, is associated with improvements in body composition in men and women

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