Association of endogenous testosterone with blood pressure and left ventricular mass in men. The Tromso Study

Svartberg, Johan; Mühlen, Denise von; Schirmer, Henrik; Barrett‐Connor, Elizabeth; Sundfjord, J; Jorde, Rolf

doi:10.1530/eje.0.1500065

Cited by 239 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…A negative correlation between testosterone and blood pressure has been demonstrated in elderly men 37,38) . Some studies have reported that the serum testosterone level is an independent negative predictor for the development of arterial stiffness 39,40) and testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to improve arterial stiffness in hypogonadal men 41) .…”

Section: Androgens Are Associated With Arterial Diseases In Humansmentioning

confidence: 97%

Roles of the Androgen – Androgen Receptor System in Vascular Angiogenesis

Yoshida

Ikeda

Aihara

2016

JAT

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Although many clinical studies have shown that a low testosterone level is associated with cardiovascular diseases, the role of androgens in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology remains controversial. Androgens exert various actions in their target organs, and the androgen receptor (AR) is widely distributed in several tissues, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, in the vascular system. Biological activities of androgens are predominantly mediated through the AR by the transcriptional control of target genes and interaction with multiple signaling pathways. To clarify the molecular mechanisms of androgens in cardiovascular disease, we examined a pathological model using AR knockout mice and showed that the androgen -AR system has protective effects on cardiovascular remodeling against cardiovascular stress. In this review, we focus on the role of the androgen -AR system in angiogenesis after ischemic stress.

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Section: Androgens Are Associated With Arterial Diseases In Humansmentioning

confidence: 97%

Roles of the Androgen – Androgen Receptor System in Vascular Angiogenesis

Yoshida

Ikeda

Aihara

2016

JAT

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“…Although there are many unanswered questions regarding the mechanism by which testosterone may affect the process of atherosclerosis and risk of death, one proposed mechanism is that testosterone acts through modulation of classical cardiovascular risk factors, supported by findings of a favourable relationship with HDL-cholesterol (21), blood pressure and ventricular mass (22), waist circumference (23), and HbA1c (24). Furthermore, testosterone supplementation of hypogonadal men shifts cytokine balance towards less inflammation (25), which plays a key pathophysiological role in plaque formation.…”

Section: Events (N)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous sex hormones and the prospective association with cardiovascular disease and mortality in men: the Tromsø Study

Vikan

Schirmer²,

Njølstad³

et al. 2009

European Journal of Endocrinology

158

124

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Objective: To study the impact of endogenous testosterone levels in community-dwelling men on later risk for myocardial infarction (MI) and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality. Design: Population-based prospective cohort study. Methods: For the analyses, we used a cohort of 1568 randomly selected men, with sex-hormone data participating in the fourth Tromsø Study (1994)(1995). Defined end points were first-ever MI (fatal or nonfatal), all-cause, CVD, and IHD mortality. A committee performed thorough ascertainment of end points, following a detailed protocol. Complete ascertainment of end points was until 30 September 2007 for all-cause mortality, until 31 December 2005 for CVD/IHD mortality, and until 31 December 2004 for first-ever MI. The prospective association between total and free testosterone and end points were examined using Cox proportional hazard regression, allowing for multivariate adjustment for age and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: During follow-up, there were 395 deaths from all causes, 130 deaths from CVD and 80 deaths from IHD, while 144 men experienced a first-ever MI. There was a significant increase in all-cause mortality risk for men with free testosterone in the lowest quartile (!158 pmol/l) compared with the higher quartiles after age adjustment hazard ratios (HR 1.24, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.01-1.53) and after multivariate adjustments (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01-1.54). Total testosterone was not associated with mortality risk. Likewise, there were no significant changes in risk for first-ever MI across different total or free testosterone levels. Conclusion: Men with free testosterone levels in the lowest quartile had a 24% increased risk of all-cause mortality.

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“…The majority of men in the youngest group studied (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) were single compared to the rest of the older groups. Contrariwise, the majority of men in the oldest group (48+) were married, compared to the youngest group (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). Furthermore, while the youngest group had similar numbers of men with and without dependents, the majority of men in the older groups had dependents; further statistical testing was limited because of the sample sizes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low testosterone levels have been associated with, stress, injury, chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension and cancer. 6,18 Symptoms associated with low testosterone levels include depression, fatigue, irritability, reduced libido, body pains, and decreased sexual performance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%