Association of Dietary w-6/w-3 Fatty Acid Ratio and Inflammation with Risk of Hip Fracture

Abstract

Abstract:Objectives: There is evidence that calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, proteins, antioxidants and w-3 fatty acids intakes are inversely associated with risk of osteoporosis and hip fractures. In the present study we examine the association of food consumption pattern and w-6/w-3 fatty acid ratio of the diet with hip joint fractures.Methods: Sixty cases having fracture neck of femur and 95 control subjects above 50 years of age were included in this case control study. Dietary intakes were obtained by 3 days assessment of food intakes by questionnaires among patients with fractures(n=50) as well as among 95 control subjects. Physical activity was assessed by questionnaires. Radiological and clinical examination were conducted for the diagnosis of fractures. Cytokines were measured by chemoluminescence enzyme immunometric assay (immulite automated analyzer) kit (DPC Los Angelis, CA, USA). Regression analysis was done to find out the association of risk factors with hip fractures.Results: Among 60 cases, the fracture was more common in male than female. Fruits, vegetables and legume(165 ±12.6 vs. 205±15.8g/day, P<0.03) as well as milk products (milk, curd, butter etc) consumption (205+25.8 vs.

Effect of Diet and Nutrient on Cell Signaling: Is the Tissue the Main Issue, Proposes Dr. Wilson?

“…These studies further emphasize that tissue is the main issue rather than associated risk factors of CVDs (q.v. also [20,24,[48][49][50][51]52 ]).…”

“…The adverse effects of TFA, SFA and w-6 fatty acids and refined carbohydrates, causing obesity and insulin resistance resulting in CAD, have been reviewed by several researchers [20,22,28]. Decreased intake of MUFA [42][43][44][45], w-3 fatty acids [20,[46][47][48], fiber and phytochemicals, may enhance the metabolic syndrome, leading to CVDs [23,[49][50][51]52].…”

“…Epidemiological studies indicate that a prudent dietary pattern characterized by fruit, vegetable, legume and whole grain intake appears to be protective. The protective effects of prudent dietary patterns appear to be due to a low w-6/w-3 ratio of such diets because Western diet and South Asian diets have high w-6/w-3 ratio of 20 to 50 as shown in recent studies (20,23,(46)(47)(48)51]. It is possible that w-3 fatty acids rich in Mediterranean diet, are known to inhibit and w-6 fatty acids rich in the Western diets, enhance tissue pathways resulting in inflammation in the tissues responsible for CVDs.…”

Paleolithic-Style Diet and Coronary Artery Disease: The Tissue is the Issue?

“…Increased intake of total fat, TFA, SFA and omega-6 fatty acids and refined carbohydrates, may cause insulin resistance resulting in metabolic syndrome (Meester, 2008;Singh et al 2008). Decreased intake of MUFA (Singh et al, 1996;1999;2000;Aratti et al, 2004), omega-3 fatty acids (Singh et al, 2011c;Pella et al, 2003;Simopoulos 2003;Kartikey et al, 2010), fibre and phytochemicals, may enhance the metabolic syndrome, leading to CVDs and other chronic diseases (Lorgeril et al, 1999;Kang et al, 2004;Iso et al, 2006;Meester, 2009;Eaton, 2009).…”

“…Diet can also provide beneficial or adverse effects by its influence on gut-brain-liver axis leading to increase or decline in CVDs (Gal et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2008). These gut-brain-liver studies and others (Pella et al, 2003;Simopoulos, 1999); Kang et al 2004;Meester, 2009;Eaton, 2009;Singh et al, 2010;Kartikey et al, 2010). There is an experimental study which showed that increased availability of omega-6 fatty acid in the tissues, enhances the formation of omega-3 fatty acids by the animals due to extraordinary capability of the animals to fight the adverse effects of omega-6 fatty acids (Kang et al, 2004).These studies, further emphasize that it is the tissue which is the main issue rather than associated risk factors for CVDs and other NCDs.…”