Association of dietary patterns and components with atherosclerosis risk biomarkers in familial hypercholesterolemia

Antoniazi, Luiza; Arroyo-Olivares, Raquel; Mata, Pedro; Santos, Raúl D.

doi:10.1097/mol.0000000000000813

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We observed the beneficial effects in the R-Group, although the dietary mean total fat intake exceeded 30% of the daily energy, with the reduction in SFAs in favor of unsaturated fatty acids and a cholesterol intake below 150 mg/day [ 6 , 33 ]. This contrasts with the guidance of the Expert Panel but agrees with Mediterranean dietary style reports [ 29 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Mediterranean Dietary Treatment in Hyperlipidemic Children: Should It Be an Option?

et al. 2022

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Background: Diet is considered the cornerstone of lipid management in hyperlipidemic children but evidence to demonstrate the effects of nutrient benefits on the lipid profile is limited. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the Mediterranean diet on low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and non-high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) decrease in primary hyperlipidemia affected children and in the achievement of therapeutical target levels. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was used, recruiting n = 223 children (10.05 ± 3.26 mean age years) with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) (n = 61, 27%) and polygenic hypercholesterolemia (PH) (n =162, 73%). Secondary hyperlipidemias were excluded. Based on LDL-C and non-HDL-C decrease, participants were divided into two groups, named the Responder Group and Non-Responder Group. Participants and their families underwent dietary education by an expert nutritionist and were asked to fill in a weekly diary to be delivered at visits. Dietary indications were in line with daily caloric requirement, daily food quality and quantity intakes typical of the Mediterranean diet. These include carbohydrates, extra virgin olive oil, yoghurt and milk derivatives, fish and vegetable proteins, fresh seasonal vegetables and fresh fruits. Nuts or almonds were also recommended. The advice to limit intakes of meat, in particular red meat, and caution against junk food and sugar added food and beverages was provided. At medical visits, carried out at baseline (T0) and 6 months later (T1), children underwent anthropometric measurements and blood collection. Standard kits and methods were applied for lipid analysis. Statistical methods were performed by SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Signed informed consent was given by parents according to the Declaration of Helsinki and the study was approved by the Local Committee. Results: The Responder Group (n = 156/223, 70%) included 45 FH and 111 PH children, while the Non-Responder Group (n = 67/223, 30%) included 16 FH and 51 PH children. The Responder Group showed total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C and non-HDL-C median percentage decreases of 9.45, 13.51 and 10.90, respectively. These statistically significant changes (p ≤ 0.0001) were similar in the FH and PH subgroups but just PH subjects reached the LDL-C and non-HDL-C target, which fell below 130 mg/dL and 145 mg/dL, respectively. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were the main dietary parameter that distinguished between the Responder Group and the Non-Responder Group (p = 0.014). Positive correlations were found at T1 between dietary total lipids, SFAs and cholesterol with serum LDL-C, non-HDL-C and TC variations. These latter serum parameters had an inverse correlation with dietary carbohydrate at T1. Among macronutrients, SFAs were finally demonstrated to be the predictor of serum lipids variation at T1. Conclusions: The dietary intervention with a Mediterranean diet in children with primary hyperlipidemia significantly improves the lipid profile both in FH and PH subgroups and allows target levels of LDL-C and non-HDL-C in PH subjects to be reached. Responsiveness benefits should be primarily attributed to the reduction in SFAs, but changes in dietary lipids, cholesterol and carbohydrate intake may also play a role. In contrast, the Non-Responder Group showed a worsening of lipid profile regarding the unchanged diet.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Mediterranean Dietary Treatment in Hyperlipidemic Children: Should It Be an Option?

et al. 2022

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“…Dyslipidemia is a condition with an increased level of total or LDL cholesterol or a reduction in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, leading to an imbalance of lipids (Pappan and Rehman, 2021) Increased endothelial ROS production is intimately linked to atherogenic dyslipidemia. Smaller LDL particles have been associated with a more significant state of oxidative stress, according to studies, which may be present in asymptomatic people (Kovačević et al, 2022) In addition, smaller LDL particles were linked to circulating inflammatory biomarkers before any clinical proof of atherosclerosis (Antoniazi et al, 2022). These results support the idea that lipid peroxidation and inflammation play a highly cooperative role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis (Viktorinova et al, 2021).…”

Section: Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 64%

From imbalance to impairment: the central role of reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress-induced disorders and therapeutic exploration

Afzal,

Abdul Manap,

Attiq

et al. 2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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Increased production and buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to various health issues, including metabolic problems, cancers, and neurological conditions. Our bodies counteract ROS with biological antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, and GPx, which help prevent cellular damage. However, if there is an imbalance between ROS and these antioxidants, it can result in oxidative stress. This can cause genetic and epigenetic changes at the molecular level. This review delves into how ROS plays a role in disorders caused by oxidative stress. We also look at animal models used for researching ROS pathways. This study offers insights into the mechanism, pathology, epigenetic changes, and animal models to assist in drug development and disease understanding.

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“…The recommendations include diets lower in saturated fatty acids that may reduce the LDL-cholesterol level. Often, the result of dietary intervention alone is modest [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyslipidemia in Pediatric Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2023

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There is an increasing interest in dyslipidemia in adult patients since it is known to contribute to early cardiovascular disease. Often, dyslipidemia starts in childhood, and it is associated with aggravating lifestyle choices concerning eating habits, such as the tendency to consume processed food and fast food, as well as the tendency to be more and more sedentary. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study describing the prevalence of dyslipidemia in a single medical center in Romania and the associated pathology. We evaluated all lipid profiles that were ordered in our clinic over nine years. We included 2413 patients that were evaluated in our clinic in the timeframe 2011–2020. Out of them, 18.23% had high values for LDL-cholesterol. More than a quarter (25.91%) were diagnosed with obesity. 11.37% of the patients with high LDL-cholesterol levels had various metabolic disorders including primary dyslipidemia. A small number of patients with hypercholesterolemia had thyroid disorders (4.10%). Patients with high LDL-cholesterol had various diagnoses ranging from metabolic to neurologic disorders, keeping in mind that there are multiple pathologies that can lead to dyslipidemia. Evaluating children for dyslipidemia is at hand for medical professionals. Screening for dyslipidemia in children would provide the opportunity to prevent rather than treat cardiovascular events.

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Association of dietary patterns and components with atherosclerosis risk biomarkers in familial hypercholesterolemia

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Mediterranean Dietary Treatment in Hyperlipidemic Children: Should It Be an Option?

Mediterranean Dietary Treatment in Hyperlipidemic Children: Should It Be an Option?

From imbalance to impairment: the central role of reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress-induced disorders and therapeutic exploration

Dyslipidemia in Pediatric Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

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