Association of Dietary Fish and n-3 Fatty Acid Intake With Hemostatic Factors in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Abstract

Abstract-Hemostatic factors play an important role in the complications of ischemic heart and vessel disease. Dietary fats such as n-3 fatty acids have been shown to possibly influence hemostatic factors. However, most studies reporting an inverse association between cardiovascular disease and fish and n-3 fatty acid consumption used supplemental doses of fish oil or intakes exceeding the typical amount consumed by the US population. This report examined the associations of usual intakes of fish, linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid with fibrinogen, factor VII, factor VIII, and von Willebrand factor in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. The analyses reported here included 1672 black and white men and women aged 24 to 42 years in 1992 to 1993. After adjustment for age, body mass index, diabetes, number of cigarettes smoked per day, race, and energy and alcohol consumption, no significant associations were observed between those who consumed no fish versus those who consumed the highest level of dietary fish with respect to fibrinogen, factor VIII, or von Willebrand factor for any race-sex group. Comparisons of tertile 1 versus tertile 3 for dietary linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid were also not significantly associated with fibrinogen, factor VII, factor VIII, or von Willebrand factor for any race-sex group. These data suggest that customary intakes of fish and n-3 fatty acids in populations that generally do not consume large amounts of these food items are not associated with these hemostatic factors. Key Words: hemostatic factors Ⅲ dietary fish Ⅲ linolenic acid Ⅲ eicosapentaenoic acid Ⅲ docosahexaenoic acid E pidemiological studies conducted more than a decade ago revealed positive associations of fibrinogen and FVII with ischemic heart disease. [1][2][3][4] Findings from these early studies, including the Northwick Park Heart Study and the Framingham Study, have subsequently been confirmed by more recent investigations. [5][6][7]

Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease

“…72 Although omega-3 fatty acid intake has been negatively associated with levels of 73 more recent evidence from the Coronary Artery Risk Development In young Adults (CARDIA) study found no significant associations between customary intakes of fish (4 to 39 g/d) and omega-3 fatty acids (0.9 to 4.1 g/d) and these coagulation factors. 74 Marckmann et al 75 also found no effect of omega-3 fatty acids (0.9 g/d) on levels of Factor VII, fibrinogen, endogenous fibrinolysis, ␤-thromboglobulin, and von Willebrand factor. In contrast, a recent study reported that coronary patients taking 5.1 g/d of omega-3 fatty acids for 6 months experienced a reduction in von Willebrand factor (128% versus 147% for controls) and thrombomodulin (25 versus 33 ng/mL).…”

The effect of low-dose fish oil supplementation on serum growth factors in healthy humans

“…The exact mechanisms by which n-3 PUFAs exert their bene®cial effects, however, remains to be elucidated. Fish oil has been reported to favourably modulate lipoprotein metabolism (Connor et al, 1993), haemostatic factors (Archer et al, 1998), and blood pressure (Morris et al, 1993). Dietary n-3 fatty acids have also been reported to reduce mechanically induced lesion formation in animal models (Zhu et al, 1988), an observation which may be, at least partially, explained by the effect of ®sh oil on growth factor levels.…”

Differences in Dietary Habits, Serum Fatty Acid Compositions and Other Coronary Risk Characteristics between Freshmen and Fourth-year Male University Students

“…High intake of marine animals and fish rich in n-3 FA is known to have an antiatheromatous effect 15,16) . Fish consumption and serum n-3 FA levels have been associated with the reduced risk of coronary heart disease after controlling for other coronary risk factors [17][18][19] , whereas some studies failed to find the inverse association 20,21) . It is uncertain whether increased n-6 FA reduces the risk of coronary heart disease.…”