Association of Diet and Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthy U.S. Adults

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a considerable burden to health care systems, with the public health community largely in consensus that AMR will be a major cause of death worldwide in the coming decades. Humans carry antibiotic resistance in the microbes that live in and on us, collectively known as the human microbiome.

Trimethylamine N-Oxide Reduces the Susceptibility of Escherichia coli to Multiple Antibiotics

“…Whether microbial flora and diet may influence anti-infective treatment efficacy by modulating TMAO levels in clinical situations also needs to be elucidated in large cohort studies that take into account individual differences and other factors. Moreover, our study and that of Liu et al (2021) and Oliver et al (2022) suggest that more possible intestinal metabolites should be included when testing for effects on antibiotic susceptibility and that promising protocols to counteract the inhibition of antibiotic efficacy by metabolites should be sought to inform clinical practice. If a regulated pathway of “diet-flora-metabolites-antibiotic resistance” is widespread, the control of bacterial resistance will require greater engineering.…”

“…Recently, an interesting study has found that a high-fat diet leads to dysbiosis of intestinal flora and depletion of the microbial metabolite indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), leading to reduced antibiotic efficacy against bacterial infections ( Liu et al, 2021 ). The study by Oliver et al found that a diet high in fiber and low in animal protein established an association with antibiotic resistance by shaping the human gut microbiota, but the role played by the corresponding gut metabolites triggered by a specific diet needs further elucidation ( Oliver et al, 2022 ). The intestinal microbiota carries a large number of antibiotic resistance genes ( Ruppé et al, 2019 ; Forster et al, 2022 ), and those metabolites that reduce antibiotic susceptibility may exacerbate the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria.…”

Maternal-infant antibiotic resistance genes transference: what do we know?

“…Recently, studies have started to explore the impact of diet on the dissemination of ARGs in the intestinal microbiota. For instance, it has been reported that a diverse, fiber-rich diet induces lower abundance of ARGs in human gut 150 . A diet high in sugar, fat, and protein can alter bacterial composition and diversity, increase the permeability of bacterial membranes, and activate the bacterial SOS response, resulting in gut inflammation and changes to gut bacteria and its by-products.…”

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“…Recent research by Oliver et al aimed to better understand which dietary and lifestyle factors are predictive of AMR in health U.S. adults. They found that those who had a higher fiber, more diverse diet had lower rates of ARGs, indicating that diet may be a potential method for reducing the future global burden of AMR (Oliver et al, 2022). This study utilized a technique called shotgun metagenomic sequencing, which is an extremely valuable method that has transformed the field of microbiology, as it allows researchers to exhaustively sample all genes in all organisms present in a given diverse sample, such as fecal samples in this case, without the need for traditional culturing (Quince et al, 2017).…”