Association of Demographic, Familial, Medical, and Ocular Factors With Intraocular Pressure

Abstract

To describe the distribution and associations of demographic, familial, medical, and ocular factors with intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods: A cluster stratified random sample of urban and rural residents of Victoria, Australia, aged 40 years and older. Participants completed an interview and underwent a standardized dilated ophthalmic examination including measurement of IOP with an electronic applanation tonometer (Tono-Pen). Glaucoma status (possible, probable, definite) was determined by a consensus panel. The main outcome measure was IOP. Results: The mean age of the 4576 participants was 59 years, 53% were women, 32% were born overseas, and 132 had open-angle glaucoma. Geometric mean (SD) IOP was 14.3 (±1.5) mm Hg. The relationship between IOP and nuclear sclerosis, iris color, and family history of glaucoma depended on glaucoma status. In those with glaucoma, family history of glaucoma and country of birth were significantly associated with IOP in multivariate models (model: r 2 =0.08, P=.01). In the group without glaucoma, place of residence, use of alcohol, iris color, vitamin E intake, and spherical equivalent were associated with IOP (model: r 2 =0.01, P=.006). Conclusion: In participants with glaucoma, genetic factors seem to be stronger predictors of IOP, whereas in those without glaucoma, lifestyle and physiological factors seem to play a greater role.

Expression of Mutated Mouse Myocilin Induces Open-Angle Glaucoma in Transgenic Mice

“…This may be explained by much lower expression of mutated Myoc in the TM of Tg animals compared with the in vitro studies. Interestingly, our experiments demonstrated increased occurrence of apoptotic cell death in tissues surrounding the TM (our un- Many studies demonstrated that there is a correlative relationship between glaucoma and IOP elevation (Weih et al, 2001;Kass et al, 2002). We observed moderate elevation of IOP by ϳ2 mmHg in both eyes of Tg mice compared with Wt littermates.…”

Longitudinal analysis of age-related changes in intraocular pressure in South Korea

“…[17][18][19] In addition to the environmental effect, genetic factors may explain these differences. 20 In addition, this study found that the degree of IOP change was different depending on the age group. The correlation coefficient was − 0.260 in the 20s~30s age groups and − 0.168 in the 60s~80s age group, implying that IOP of old age groups was less decreased than that of younger groups (Table 2).…”

Factors Associated with Intraocular Pressure before and during 9 Years of Treatment in the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study

“…11,12 Schulzer and Drance found that adjustment for systolic blood pressure accounted for any age effect. 13 Consistent associations with increasing IOP have been reported for increasing systolic blood pressure, 5,7,8,10,12,16,17 darker iris color, 9,14,18 and myopia. 6,14,18 Once glaucoma is diagnosed and treatment is initiated, the influence on IOP attributable to demographic, systemic, and ocular factors might be overwhelmed by the impact of glaucoma treatment.…”