Association of daily tar and nicotine intake with incident myocardial infarction: Results from the population-based MONICA/KORA Augsburg Cohort Study 1984 - 2002

Abstract

BackgroundCigarette smoking has been shown to be one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about cumulative effects of daily tar and nicotine intake on the risk of incident myocardial infarction (MI) so far. To bridge this gap, we conducted an analysis in a large prospective study from Southern Germany investigating associations of daily tar and nicotine intake with an incident MI event.MethodsThe study was based on 4,099 men and 4,197 women participating in two population-based MONICA Augsburg surveys between 1984 and 1990 and followed up within the KORA framework until 2002. During a mean follow-up of 13.3 years, a number of 307 men and 80 women developed an incident MI event. Relative risks were calculated as hazard ratios (HRs) estimated by Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsIn the present study, male regular smokers consumed on average more cigarettes per day than female regular smokers (20 versus 15) and had a higher tar and nicotine intake per day. In men, the MI risk compared to never-smokers increased with higher tar intake: HRs were 2.24 (95% CI 1.40-3.56) for 1-129 mg/day, 2.12 (95% CI 1.37-3.29) for 130-259 mg/day and 3.01 (95% CI 2.08-4.36) for ≥ 260 mg/day. In women, the corresponding associations were comparable but more pronounced for high tar intake (HR 4.67, 95% CI 1.76-12.40). Similar associations were observed for nicotine intake.ConclusionsThe present study based on a large population-based sample adds important evidence of cumulative effects of tar and nicotine intake on the risk of incident MI. Even low or medium tar and nicotine intake revealed substantial risk increases as compared to never-smokers. Therefore, reduction of tar and nicotine contents in cigarettes cannot be seen as a suitable public health policy in preventing myocardial infarction.

Impact of secondhand smoke exposure in former smokers on their subsequent risk of coronary heart disease: evidence from the population-based cohort of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

“…Our results are consistent with previously conducted large cohort studies form various societies [17,18,[25][26][27][28][29][30] and offer more evidence to support the association between smoking status and risk of CHD. In Framingham heart cohort study with 8770 participants mean aged 42.2±11.8 years, risk of cardiovascular disease was meaningfully high (75%) in current than never smokers while former smokers, regardless of intensity were not at increased risk [18], suggesting that risk may drop because of the considerable time they quit smoking.…”

The effect of grand maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation on lung integrity of the F2 generation

“…In the present study we demonstrated that grand-maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation, in concentrations that resembles that of smokers, 22 not only resulted in the development of emphysematous lesions in the F1 generation, but also in the F2 progeny. Pulmonary emphysematous lesions appear to be a dynamic process that involves gradual loss of alveolar walls and a consequent increase in alveolar diameter.…”

“…The daily nicotine intake of human males and females who smoke tobacco varies between 10.5 and 78.6 mg . Assuming that 90% of the nicotine is absorbed on inhalation, the nicotine intake of a 60 kg female will be between 0.16 and 1.18 mg nicotine/kg BW/day.…”

“…The daily nicotine intake of human males and females who smoke tobacco varies between 10.5 and 78.6 mg. 21,22 Assuming that 90% of the nicotine is absorbed on inhalation, 23 the nicotine intake of a 60 kg and nicotine exposed male; CmNf, control male and nicotine exposed female; NmNf, both males and females exposed to nicotine). Arrows show sites of emphysema-like lesions (control vs. experimental groups: P < 0.05; No differences between experimental groups).…”

Fast and sample cleanup-free measurement of nicotine and cotinine by stable isotope dilution ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

“…Smoking is a major potentially alterable or avoidable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus [1][2][3]. In patients with vascular diseases or post heart transplantation (HTx), cigarette smoking is particularly perilous.…”