Association of Cigarette Smoking With HIV Prognosis Among Women in the HAART Era: A Report From the Women’s Interagency HIV Study

Abstract

Some of the benefits provided by HAART are negated in cigarette smokers.

Smoking Cessation for People Living With HIV/AIDS: A Literature Review and Synthesis

“…1 By contrast, between 50% and 70% of PLWHA smoke cigarettes daily. 3,5,[10][11][12][13] On a positive note, one longitudinal study showed that smoking rates may be declining among women with HIV (to 39% in 2011 in the Women's Interagency HIV Study). 14 Although the reasons for this high prevalence are not well understood, there are some factors that appear to distinguish nonsmoking from smoking PLWHA.…”

“…21 HIV+ smokers also have lower CD4 cell counts, higher HIV viral loads, and lower self-reported quality of life than HIV+ nonsmokers. [19][20][21][22] Smokers are also more likely to progress to an AIDS diagnosis, 23 have poorer response to ART, 12 and are more likely to be nonadherent to ART. 24 Importantly, longer duration of abstinence from smoking substantially reduces HIV symptom burden.…”

HIV Infection in the Etiology of Lung Cancer: Confounding, Causality, and Consequences

“…Compared with the 20% prevalence of smoking in the United States general population (1), the prevalence of smoking has consistently been reported as higher in HIV-infected populations (Table 1) (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). In numerous studies of smoking prevalence conducted in varied risk groups from the United States and Europe, more than two thirds of HIV-infected persons have reported being a regular smoker at some time in their life.…”

HIV-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia

“…Studies have suggested that cigarette smoking is associated with poorer virological and immunological responses to HAART and this may explain, at least partly, why patients on HAART have an ongoing increased risk of pneumonia [34,49,50]. Furthermore, smoking may also accelerate the progression to AIDS [49,51].…”