Association of Cadmium but not Arsenic Levels in Lung Cancer Tumor Tissue with Smoking, Histopathological Type and Stage

Abstract

Background: To evaluate association of lung cancer with arsenic and cadmium levels measured in tumor tissue. Materials and Methods: Ninety-five patients with lung cancer tumor tissue obtained surgically were included in this study. Arsenic and cadmium levels were measured and levels of metals were compared among types of lung cancer and with reference to patient data. Results: The histopathologic diagnoses of the 95 cases were SCC, 49, adenocarcinoma, 28, large cell, 11 and SCLC, 1. Mean tumor arsenic and cadmium levels were 149.3±129.1µg/kg and 276.3±219.3µg/kg, respectively. Cadmium levels were significantly associated with smoking (p=0.02), histopathologic type (p=0.005), and TNM staging (r=0.325; p=0.001), although arsenic was not related to any parameter (p>0.05). There was no relation between metal levels and mortality (p>0.05). Conclusions:We found a significant association between tumor cadmium levels of patients with lung cancer and smoking, histopathologic type and staging, although there was no relation with arsenic levels.

Arsenic in Drinking Water and Lung Cancer Mortality in the United States: An Analysis Based on US Counties and 30 Years of Observation (1950–1979)

“…Further, no significant interaction between smoking and arsenic exposure has been found at exposure levels below 90–100 μ g/L [ 8 , 10 ]. Additionally, Gebel et al [ 49 ] reported that tobacco smoking did not have any influence on the contents of arsenic in urine or hair, and Demir et al [ 50 ] reported no association between arsenic levels in lung cancer tissues and smoking status. Our observation of no association between lung cancer and smoking prevalence is consistent with the rest of the literature at exposures of less than 60 μ g/L arsenic.…”

Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk

“…Another meta-analytical study stated that an estimated 68 percent increase ( p < 0.0001) in the relative risk of LC was observed with a doubling of urinary Cd [ 232 ]. The association between Cd levels and Lc histological types is unclear; however, Demir et al detected high Cd levels in patients with advanced stages of squamous and large cell LC compared with remaining LC types [ 233 ]. Another study reported that patients with squamous cell LC had greater urinary Cd concentration [ 227 ].…”