Association of benign thyroid diseases with thyroid cancer risk: a meta-analysis of prospective observational studies

Liang, Ling; Zheng, Xiangyi; Hu, Maorong; Zhang, Q.; Wang, S.-Y.; Huang, Fen

doi:10.1007/s40618-018-0968-z

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Previous irradiation to the neck, the presence of benign thyroid nodules, and a family history of thyroid neoplasia represent recognized risk factors for thyroid cancer. Recently, a higher cancer risk for hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism has been established [116][117][118][119][120]. An important role in thyroid tumorigenesis was also attributed to environmental factors, which can influence thyroid cancer histopathological phenotype [121,122].…”

Section: Thyroid Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D in Thyroid Diseases

et al. 2020

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Vitamin D is a secosteroid with a pleiotropic role in multiple physiological processes. Besides the well-known activity on bone homeostasis, recent studies suggested a peculiar role of vitamin D in different non-skeletal pathways, including a key role in the modulation of immune responses. Recent evidences demonstrated that vitamin D acts on innate and adaptative immunity and seems to exert an immunomodulating action on autoimmune diseases and cancers. Several studies demonstrated a relationship between vitamin D deficiency, autoimmune thyroid disorders, and thyroid cancer. This review aims to summarize the evidences on the immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D on thyroid diseases.

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Section: Thyroid Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D in Thyroid Diseases

et al. 2020

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“…Nodules are palpable in about 5% of cases [2], but, much more frequently, are detected by ultrasound or other imaging techniques [3]. Thyroid nodules have an overall low malignant potential (5%) [4], although the coexistence of benign thyroid diseases, including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and nodular goiter might confer an increased risk of developing thyroid carcinoma, as suggested by a recent meta-analysis of prospective observational studies [5]. DTC accounts for 90% of thyroid malignant tumors originating from follicular cells, and the papillary histotype is by far the most frequent, accounting for about 85% of cases [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features and outcome of differentiated thyroid carcinoma associated with Graves’ disease: results of a large, retrospective, multicenter study

Premoli

Tanda

Piantanida

et al. 2019

J Endocrinol Invest

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Background Whether differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) occurring concomitantly with Graves' disease (GD) is more aggressive and bound to a less favorable outcome is controversial. Objective Aim of this multicenter retrospective study was to compare baseline features and outcome of DTC patients with GD (DTC/GD+) or without GD (DTC/GD−). Patients Enrolled in this study were 579 patients referred to five endocrine units (Cagliari, Pavia, Pisa, Siena, and Varese) between 2005 and 2014: 193 patients had DTC/GD+ , 386 DTC/GD−. Patients were matched for age, gender and tumor size. They underwent surgery because of malignancy, large goiter size, or relapse of hyperthyroidism in GD. Results Baseline DTC features (histology, lymph node metastases, extrathyroidal extension) did not differ in the two groups, except for multifocality which was significantly more frequent in DTC/GD+ (27.5% vs. 7.5%, p < 0.0001). At the end of follow-up (median 7.5 years), 86% of DTC/GD+ and 89.6% DTC/GD− patients were free of disease. Patients with persistent or recurrent disease (PRD) had "biochemical disease" in the majority of cases. Microcarcinomas were more frequent in the DTC/GD+ group (60% vs. 37%, p < 0.0001) and had an excellent outcome, with no difference in PRD between groups. However, in carcinomas ≥ 1 cm, PRD was significantly more common in DTC/GD+ (24.4% vs. 11.5%; p = 0.005). In the whole group, univariate and multivariate analyses showed that GD+ , lymph node involvement, extrathyroidal invasion, multifocality and tall cell histotype were associated with a worse outcome. Female gender and microcarcinomas were favorable features. No association was found between baseline TSH-receptor antibody levels and outcome. Graves' orbitopathy (GO) seemed to be associated with a better outcome of DTC, possibly because patients with GO may early undergo surgery for hyperthyroidism. Conclusions GD may be associated with a worse outcome of coexisting DTC only if cancer is ≥ 1 cm, whereas clinical outcome of microcarcinomas is not related to the presence/absence of GD. KeywordsThyroid carcinoma • Graves' disease • Outcome • Thyroidectomy • Graves' orbitopathy • TSH-receptor antibody • Radioiodine P. Premoli and M. L. Tanda equally contributed to this study.

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“…Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have also been associated with thyroid cancer. Thyroid-stimulating antibody may affect proto-oncogenes such as RET and TRK during the development of thyroid cancer in hyperthyroidism, and an increased thyroid-stimulating hormone level may lead to nodule and cancer growth in patients with hypothyroidism 25 . Furthermore, frequent ultrasonography performed in these patients may increase the chance of detecting thyroid cancer 26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A national database analysis for factors associated with thyroid cancer occurrence

Lee

Youn

Jung

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In order to analyze the associations between thyroid cancer and environmental factors, we analyzed the national sample cohort representative of the entire population provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service database record from 2006 to 2015. The cohort was categorized according to age, body mass index, income, residential areas, frequency of exercise, frequency of alcohol drinking, diet, presence or absence of hyperthyroidism, presence or absence of hypothyroidism, and smoking data. Age ≥ 55 years (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.53–0.88), lower income (0.57, 0.40–0.80), and current smoking (0.69, 0.55–0.85) were associated with lower thyroid cancer occurrence among men. Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (1.51, 1.26–1.82), higher income (1.44, 1.19–1.76), urban residence (1.24, 1.03–1.49), and presence of hypothyroidism (3.31, 2.38–4.61) or hyperthyroidism (2.46, 1.75–3.46) were associated with higher thyroid cancer occurrence among men. Age ≥ 55 years (0.63, 0.56–0.71), moderate alcohol drinking (0.87, 0.77–0.99), and current smoking (0.56, 0.37–0.85) were associated with lower thyroid cancer occurrence among women. BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (1.41, 1.26–1.57), frequent exercise (1.21, 1.07–1.36), higher income (1.18, 1.06–1.32), urban residence (1.17, 1.06–1.29), and presence of hypothyroidism (1.60, 1.40–1.82) or hyperthyroidism (1.38, 1.19–1.61) were associated with higher thyroid cancer occurrence among women. In conclusion, age ≥ 55 years and current smoking were associated with lower thyroid cancer occurrence, while BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, higher income, urban residence, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism were associated with higher occurrence in both men and women.

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Association of benign thyroid diseases with thyroid cancer risk: a meta-analysis of prospective observational studies

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D in Thyroid Diseases

Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D in Thyroid Diseases

Features and outcome of differentiated thyroid carcinoma associated with Graves’ disease: results of a large, retrospective, multicenter study

A national database analysis for factors associated with thyroid cancer occurrence

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