Association of ACE Gene I/D polymorphism with migraine in Kashmiri population

Abstract

Introduction:Migraine is a complex, recurrent headache disorder that is one of the most common complaints in neurology practice. The role of various genes in its pathogenesis is being studied. We did this study to see whether an association exists between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and migraine in our region.Materials and Methods:The study included 100 patients diagnosed with migraine and 121 healthy controls. The study subject were age and gender matched. The analysis was based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and included following steps: DNA extraction from blood, PCR and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP).Results:Out of 100 cases, 69 were females and 31 were males. Fifty-seven were having migraine without aura and 43 had migraine with aura. 45 of the cases had II polymorphism, 40 had ID polymorphism and 15 had DD polymorphism in ACE gene.Conclusion:We were not able to find a statistically significant association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism with migraine. The reason for difference in results between our study and other studies could be because of different ethnicity in study populations. So a continuous research is needed in this regard in order to find the genes and different polymorphism that increase the susceptibility of Kashmiri population to migraine.

Comprehensive analysis of genes associated with migraine in the Indian population: a meta-analysis of genetic association studies with trial sequential analysis

“…Concerning the ACE -I/D polymorphism, the present meta-analysis showed a significant association between the variant of interest and the risk of migraine and both clinical subtypes such as MA and MWA. This present study supports the independent study by Jasrotia and group and Joshi and group 13 , 17 in contrast non-significant association was observed by Wani and group 24 . Interestingly all studies 13 , 17 , 24 were from north India, thus disparity between such might be due to different sample sizes i.e., control and case subjects.…”

“…This present study supports the independent study by Jasrotia and group and Joshi and group 13 , 17 in contrast non-significant association was observed by Wani and group 24 . Interestingly all studies 13 , 17 , 24 were from north India, thus disparity between such might be due to different sample sizes i.e., control and case subjects. Evidence from the meta-analysis published in 2016 powered with 7334 patients and 22,990 control showed no relationship between the ACE I/D polymorphism and any migraine but upon subgrouping based on the criteria of ethnicity, they observed a protective effect against migraine with aura and without aura at least in the Turkish population 41 .…”

“…2 ) (Paint—Microsoft Apps). Only nine genes have been studied more than two times in the Indian population and thus were found eligible for the meta-analysis and these include six studies which have explored MTHFR gene 13 , 16 – 18 , 22 , 23 , three studies for ACE (I/D polymorphism) 13 , 17 , 24 , LRP1- rs11172113 19 , 26 , 28 , PRDM16- rs2651899 19 , 26 , TRPM8- rs10166942 and rs10504861 21 , 26 , ESR1 PvuII and XbaI 15 , 29 , 37 , DAO- rs10156191, rs2052129 20 , 35 and TNF-α G308A 25 , 30 .

Figure 1 Selection of literature according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematics Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines.

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“…There are 3 studies 13 , 17 , 24 (Supplementary Table 3 S1) that observed the frequency and association of polymorphism in the population of the Indian population. After pooling such independent studies, we found that the overall frequency of risk and wild allele was 0.410 (n = 289/704) and 0.589 (n = 415/704) in the patient group respectively.…”

“… S. No Gene Protein Chr Function SNPs Diagnosis Case/controls State Region ReL Comment Ref 1 ACE Angiotensin I converting enzyme 17q23.3 It catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I into a physiologically active peptide angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasopressor and aldosterone-stimulating peptide that controls blood pressure and fluid-electrolyte balance I/D IHS 100/121 Kashmir NI X We were not able to find a statistically significant association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism with migraine Wani et al 24 ACE I/D IHS 102/150 Jammu NI ✓ ACE I/D polymorphism analysis revealed that D allele and DD genotype is considerably associated with the risk for migraine in population of North India (Jammu region) Jasrotia et al 17 ACE I/D IHS 150/150 Lucknow, UP NI ✓ ACE DD genotype showed significant association in migraine patients Joshi et al 13 2 ANKK1 Ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 11q23.2 A TaqIA polymorphism (rs1800497) is located 9.5 kb downstream from DRD2 gene. It causes an amino acid change (Glu713Lys) in the C-terminal ankyrin repeat domain of ANKK1 (ankyrin repeats ...…”