Background and aims
ABO blood type is associated with cardiovascular disease, although the underlying mechanisms are presumed to be complex. While the relationship between non-O blood types and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is well-established, associations with cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) across diverse populations are understudied.
Methods
We genetically inferred ABO alleles for N=6202 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Linear regression was used to evaluate associations between major ABO allele dosages and log-transformed measurements of vWF (N=924), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin, N=925), soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin, N=2392), and soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1, N=2236) by race/ethnicity.
Results
For the selectins, the A1 allele was associated with significantly lower levels for all races/ethnicities, with each additional allele resulting in a 28-39% decrease in sE-selectin and 10-18% decrease in sP-selectin relative to Type O subjects. However, the A2 allele demonstrated effect heterogeneity across race/ethnicity for sE-selectin, with lower levels for non-Hispanic whites (p=0.0011) but higher levels for Hispanics (p=0.0021). We also identified elevated sP-selectin levels for B-allele carriers solely in Hispanic participants (p=1.0E-04). ABO-by-race/ethnicity interactions were significant for both selectins (p <0.0125). More modest associations were observed between A1 allele dosage and levels of sICAM-1, with ABO alleles explaining 0.8-1.1% of the total phenotypic variation within race/ethnicity. ABO associations with vWF activity were consistent across race/ethnicity, with B allele carriers corresponding to the highest vWF activity levels.
Conclusions
ABO blood type demonstrates complex associations with endothelial markers that are largely generalizable across diverse populations.