“…Previous studies have also indicated that PTSD can last a long time, even many years and that some symptoms can appear a few years after the traumatic event (8). Karakaya et al screened students for symptoms of PTSD three and a half years after the Marmara earthquake and found that 60.5% of the students still had moderate or more severe symptoms, which was consistent with our study (22). The prevalence of PTSD in students ranged from 5.7 to 10.7% 36 months after the Wenchuan earthquake, which was lower than the prevalence reported in this study (23).…”
Background: This study examines changes over time in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among children who survived the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and the relevant predictive variables.Methods: A total of 203 children and adolescents were investigated 24 months after the earthquake, and 151 children and adolescents completed the 1-year follow-up study. Participants completed the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictors of changes in PTSD severity.Results: Eighty percent of the children still had some PTSD symptoms 2 years after the Wenchuan earthquake, and 66.25% of the children had symptoms that lasted 3 years. In the model predicting PTSD symptom severity, the loss of family members and child burial explained a significant 21.9% of the variance, and depression explained a significant 16.7% of the variance. In the model predicting changes in PTSD severity, the change scores for resilience and depression explained a significant 18.7% of the variance, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) explained a significant 33.6% of the variance.Conclusions: PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents can persist for many years after trauma. In addition to using psychological interventions to improve PTSD symptoms, improvements in depression and resilience should also be considered.
“…Previous studies have also indicated that PTSD can last a long time, even many years and that some symptoms can appear a few years after the traumatic event (8). Karakaya et al screened students for symptoms of PTSD three and a half years after the Marmara earthquake and found that 60.5% of the students still had moderate or more severe symptoms, which was consistent with our study (22). The prevalence of PTSD in students ranged from 5.7 to 10.7% 36 months after the Wenchuan earthquake, which was lower than the prevalence reported in this study (23).…”
Background: This study examines changes over time in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among children who survived the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and the relevant predictive variables.Methods: A total of 203 children and adolescents were investigated 24 months after the earthquake, and 151 children and adolescents completed the 1-year follow-up study. Participants completed the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the predictors of changes in PTSD severity.Results: Eighty percent of the children still had some PTSD symptoms 2 years after the Wenchuan earthquake, and 66.25% of the children had symptoms that lasted 3 years. In the model predicting PTSD symptom severity, the loss of family members and child burial explained a significant 21.9% of the variance, and depression explained a significant 16.7% of the variance. In the model predicting changes in PTSD severity, the change scores for resilience and depression explained a significant 18.7% of the variance, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) explained a significant 33.6% of the variance.Conclusions: PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents can persist for many years after trauma. In addition to using psychological interventions to improve PTSD symptoms, improvements in depression and resilience should also be considered.
“…Pure titanium has been widely used in the field of dental implantation because of its excellent biocompatibility and strong osseointegration. − In recent years, severe plastic deformation was used to improve the mechanical properties of pure titanium, − and the grain size was refined from the micrometer to nanometer scale after ECAP. − Our previous study demonstrated that the ultrafine-grain pure titanium (UFG Ti) was suitable for dental implantation not only because of its good mechanical properties but also due to its excellent biocompatibility. − In clinics, the surfaces of dental implants in bone sections usually must be modified. , Sandblasting and acid etching (SLA) is still reported to be the most effective method of surface modification to increase the surface roughness and contact area of dental implants to improve the osseointegration. , Similarly, the UFG Ti implant also needs to be sandblasted and acid etched before it can be used as a dental implant. However, research on the effect of SLA on the surface properties and biocompatibility of UFG Ti remains insufficient.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…16,17 Sandblasting and acid etching (SLA) is still reported to be the most effective method of surface modification to increase the surface roughness and contact area of dental implants to improve the osseointegration. 18,19 Similarly, the UFG Ti implant also needs to be sandblasted and acid etched before it can be used as a dental implant. However, research on the effect of SLA on the surface properties and biocompatibility of UFG Ti remains insufficient.…”
This study investigated the surface characteristics and biocompatibility of ultrafine-grain pure titanium (UFG Ti) after sandblasting and acid etching (SLA) treatment to determine an effective method for modification of UFG Ti dental implants. The UFG Ti was processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP). The micromorphology, roughness, and wettability of its surface were studied after SLA modification in different conditions. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were subsequently seeded onto the specimens to evaluate the biocompatibility of cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation compared with commercially pure titanium (CP Ti). The results showed that surface characteristics of UFG Ti were affected by the pressure of sandblasting and acid etching time in addition to material properties. The favorable hierarchical porous structure that would benefit cell adhesion was formed on the UFG Ti surface when the pressure of sandblasting was 0.6 MPa and the acid etching time was 5 min; at this time, UFG Ti promoted proliferation and differentiation to a greater extent than CP Ti because of its excellent wettability. From this study, it could be seen that UFG Ti can be used as a dental implant material after proper surface modification.
Good osseointegration and gingival epithelial sealing play a key role in preventing peri-implantitis of dental implants. In addition to antibacterial qualities, the transmucosal surface of the implant is beneficial to the growth of fibroblasts and epithelial cells, while its body surface is suitable for the growth of osteoblasts and is resistant to epithelial cells and fibroblasts. In this study, both microgrooves mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) and titanium (Ti) dioxide nanotubes with different parameter settings were produced on Ti surfaces. The behavior of MG63 osteoblasts, L929 fibroblasts, SCC epithelial cells and Porphyromonas gingivalis on these decorated Ti surfaces was detected to quantify their performances in terms of osseointegration, biological sealing and antimicrobial ability. Via a scoring method based on these results, we concluded that 100–50–20–10–5 μm width grooves arranged in the horizontal direction at 2 μm depth were the priority for the design of the implant’s transmucosal surface. By changing the depth to 3.6 μm and further decorating with 55 nm nanotubes, a best surface design for the implant body was acquired. Hierarchical ECM-like micro/nano patterns could provide novel designs for dental implants to achieve excellent gingival epithelial sealing and osseointegration, which would facilitate the clinical application of dental implants.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.