Association between waist circumference and gray matter volume in 2344 individuals from two adult community-based samples

Janowitz, Deborah; Wittfeld, Katharina; Terock, Jan; Freyberger, Harald J.; Hegenscheid, Katrin; Völzke, Henry; Habes, Mohamad; Hosten, Norbert; Friedrich, Nele; Nauck, Matthias; Domańska, Grażyna; Grabe, Hans J.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.086

Cited by 94 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Similarly, exacerbated hippocampal inflammation has been reported in DIO models (Andre et al, 2014;Boitard et al, 2014;Dinel et al, 2014). Consistent with these findings, clinical evidence shows an inverse association between activation of inflammatory processes and brain volume, notably in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (Meier et al, 2016;Savitz et al, 2014;Zunszain et al, 2012), and between brain volume and waist circumference and/or BMI (Janowitz et al, 2015;Pannacciulli et al, 2006;Yokum et al, 2012).…”

Section: Is Inflammation Linking Fat To Depression?mentioning

confidence: 55%

Role of Adiposity-Driven Inflammation in Depressive Morbidity

Capuron

Lasselin

Castanon

2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

135

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Depression and metabolic disorders, including overweight and obesity, appear tightly interrelated. The prevalence of these conditions is concurrently growing worldwide, and both depression and overweight/obesity represent substantial risk factors for multiple medical complications. Moreover, there is now multiple evidence for a bidirectional relationship between depression and increased adiposity, with overweight/obesity being associated with an increased prevalence of depression, and in turn, depression augmenting the risk of weight gain and obesity. Although the reasons for this intricate link between depression and increased adiposity remain unclear, converging clinical and preclinical evidence points to a critical role for inflammatory processes and related alterations of brain functions. In support of this notion, increased adiposity leads to a chronic low-grade activation of inflammatory processes, which have been shown elsewhere to have a potent role in the pathophysiology of depression. It is therefore highly possible that adiposity-driven inflammation contributes to the development of depressive disorders and their growing prevalence worldwide. This review will present recent evidence in support of this hypothesis and will discuss the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Altogether, findings presented here should help to better understand the mechanisms linking adiposity to depression and facilitate the identification of new preventive and/or therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Is Inflammation Linking Fat To Depression?mentioning

confidence: 55%

Role of Adiposity-Driven Inflammation in Depressive Morbidity

Capuron

Lasselin

Castanon

2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

135

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“…However, two recently published studies with larger samples demonstrated comparable patterns of adiposity related brain structural alterations. Analyzing two separate community based samples (1586 adults with a mean age of 46 years and 758 adults with a mean age of 50 years), Janowitz et al showed largely overlapping negative associations between rGMV and waist circumference for both samples, that included bilateral frontal, temporal and occipital lobes, somatosensory and motor cortex, insula, cingulate gyrus, hippocampal formation, subcortical structures (i.e., thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus) and the cerebellum 6 . Similar observations were made in a sample of 617 older subjects (mean age 68 years), additionally linking these structural alterations to impaired memory performance 8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…midbrain, left putamen, left nucleus accumbens, bilateral amygdala). Numerous structural 6–9,11,25,38 and functional 39–42 imaging studies have highlighted the cerebellum in the context of obesity and eating behavior. Cerebellar function was once believed to be limited to motor, but increasing evidence indicates a far more diverse role including non-motor cognitive processes in the context of emotion, executive function and addictive behavior 43,44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These a priori ROIs were chosen based on previous publications and functional relevance and included the prefrontal cortex, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, 5,6,12,24 , cerebellum 6,25,26 , temporal 6,25,27 and insular cortices 6,25,28 , anterior cingulate cortex 6,25,29 , hippocampal/parahippocampal cortex 12,30 , dorsal and ventral striatum 5,9,31 , midbrain 3,32 , amygdala 3,6,33 and hypothalamus 3,5 . To do so, masks of the ROIs were generated with the WFU-Pickatlas toolbox (www.fmri.wfubmc.edu).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The obese brain as a heritable phenotype: a combined morphometry and twin study

et al. 2016

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Background Body weight and adiposity are heritable traits. To date it remains unknown whether obesity-associated brain structural alterations are under a similar level of genetic control. Methods For this study we utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from the Human Connectome Project. Voxel based morphometry (VBM) was used to investigate associations between body mass index (BMI) and regional gray matter volume (GMV) in a sample of 875 young adults with a wide BMI range (386m/489f; age 28.8 ± 3.7y; BMI 26.6 ± 5.3 kg*m-2), that included 86 pairs of monozygotic twins and 82 pairs of dizygotic twins. Twin data were analyzed by applying the additive genetic, common environmental and residual effects (ACE) model to determine heritability of brain regions that were associated with BMI. Results We observed positive associations between BMI and GMV in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the right cerebellum and widespread negative associations within the prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, temporal lobes and distinct subcortical structures. Varying degrees of heritability were found for BMI-associated brain regions, with highest heritability estimates for cerebellar GMV and subcortical structures. Conclusions These data indicate that brain regions associated with obesity are subject to differing levels of genetic control and environmental influences. Specific brain regions with high heritability might represent an inherent vulnerability factor for obesity.

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“…On average, the cognitive performance of individuals who are metabolically morbid is poorer than their age-matched healthy counterparts (Kullmann et al, 2016; Stillman et al, 2017). Brain imaging studies have documented reduced gray matter volumes and white matter integrity in multiple brain regions, and reduced functional connectivity between brain regions in obese individuals, particularly those with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance (Debette et al, 2014; Janowitz et al, 2015; Kullmann et al, 2015). Generally similar abnormalities in brain structure and neuronal network connectivity occur in individuals with type 2 diabetes (Macpherson et al, 2017).…”

Section: Metabolic Factors Can Accelerate or Decelerate Brain Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallmarks of Brain Aging: Adaptive and Pathological Modification by Metabolic States

2018

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During aging, the cellular milieu of the brain exhibits tell-tale signs of compromised bioenergetics, impaired adaptive neuroplasticity and resilience, aberrant neuronal network activity, dysregulation of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis, the accrual of oxidatively modified molecules and organelles, and inflammation. These alterations render the aging brain vulnerable to Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases and stroke. Emerging findings are revealing mechanisms by which sedentary overindulgent lifestyles accelerate brain aging, whereas lifestyles that include intermittent bioenergetic challenges (exercise, fasting, and intellectual challenges) foster healthy brain aging. Here we provide an overview of the cellular and molecular biology of brain aging, how those processes interface with disease-specific neurodegenerative pathways, and how metabolic states influence brain health.

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Association between waist circumference and gray matter volume in 2344 individuals from two adult community-based samples

Cited by 94 publications

References 51 publications

Role of Adiposity-Driven Inflammation in Depressive Morbidity

Role of Adiposity-Driven Inflammation in Depressive Morbidity

The obese brain as a heritable phenotype: a combined morphometry and twin study

Hallmarks of Brain Aging: Adaptive and Pathological Modification by Metabolic States

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