Association Between Waist Circumference and the Prevalence of (Pre) Hypertension Among 27,894 US Adults

Sun, Jin-Yu; Yang, Hua; Zou, Huayiyang; Qu, Qiang; Yuan, Yue; Sun, Guo-Zhen; Sun, Wei; Kong, Xiangqing

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.717257

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Interestingly, despite the consistent trend, no statistically significant association was observed in the subgroup of BMI > 28 kg/m 2 . Together with our previous results, 14 , 15 this study supported measuring and managing waist circumference regardless of BMI, which could provide additional opportunities to prevent obesity‐related cardiovascular events.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Our recent cross‐sectional studies demonstrated that high waist circumference could elevate the prevalence of hypertension based on nationally representative US samples from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 14 , 15 In the US individuals, waist circumference was significantly associated with (pre) hypertension with adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of 1.28 (1.18–1.40) in the young group and 1.23 (1.15–1.33) in the old group. However, the inherent nature of cross‐sectional design made it difficult to determine the causality between high waist circumference and the development of hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High waist circumference is a risk factor of new‐onset hypertension: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Sun

Liu

et al. 2022

J of Clinical Hypertension

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This study aims to investigate the association between waist circumference and the development of hypertension based on a nationwide cohort Chinese population. A total of 5330 individuals free of hypertension at baseline were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The association between waist circumference and the development of hypertension was analyzed by an adjusted cox regression model and visualized by restricted cubic splines. Further, we applied the supervised machine learning methods to evaluate the importance of multiple variates for newonset hypertension. Additionally, the robustness of the association was assessed by a subgroup analysis. A total of 1490 individuals (28.0%) developed hypertension during a mean follow-up of 3.32 years. The new-onset hypertension was more observed in those with increased waist circumference (P for trend < .001). In the fully adjusted Cox regression, each 10 cm increase of waist circumference would result in an 18% elevated risk of hypertension. The random forest method and the Extreme Gradient Boosting method revealed waist circumference as an important feature to predict the development of hypertension. The sensitivity analysis indicated a consistent trend between waist circumference and new-onset hypertension in all BMI categories. This study suggested high waist circumference as an independent risk factor for new-onset hypertension based on a nationwide cohort of Chinese adults aged ≥45 years old. Our results supported that waist circumference should be routinely measured.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High waist circumference is a risk factor of new‐onset hypertension: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Sun

Liu

et al. 2022

J of Clinical Hypertension

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“…According to the medical literature, males present a distribution of fat in visceral areas, which is strongly associated with metabolic abnormalities as opposed to the fat accumulated at the subcutaneous level observed in females [51,52]. Thus, abdominal obesity is an important risk factor for developing prehypertension in both sexes and is consistent with the results of several epidemiological studies [53][54][55][56]. Therefore, lifestyle changes and pharmacological treatments are appropriate strategies to reduce the risk of obesity in individuals and, consequently, the risk of chronic diseases such as prehypertension, hypertension, and other chronic diseases [57].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Prevalence of Prehypertension and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Profiles among Adults in Peru: Findings from a Nationwide Population-Based Study

Hernández-Vasquéz

Vargas-Fernández

2022

IJERPH

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Prehypertension is a clinical condition that increases the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In South American countries, prehypertension affects almost one-third of the population. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between prehypertension and the main cardiometabolic risk factors according to the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III by sex in the Peruvian population. A total of 863 participants surveyed were included in the study. A total of 21.1% had prehypertension, 14.4% of whom were female, and 30.5% were male. Women belonging to the age group 50–59 years, having abdominal obesity and being a current smoker, were more likely to have prehypertension, while the likelihood of having prehypertension increased in men with abdominal obesity. Three out of 10 men and one out of 10 women in Peru have prehypertension. In women, being 50 to 59 years of age, having abdominal obesity, and being a current smoker, increased the probability of having prehypertension, whereas, in men, only abdominal obesity was found to be associated with prehypertension. Our findings will allow the development of prevention strategies focused on the appropriate diagnosis of prehypertension and cardiometabolic risk factors according to sex.

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“…Therefore, BMI-defined obesity is insufficient to fully capture the obesity-related metabolic risk. Previous studies have demonstrated that waist circumference is closely associated with multiple cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality independent of BMI ( 27 , 41 ). When evaluating obesity-related metabolic risk, these data supported that waist circumference and BMI were irreplaceable adiposity indexes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in general and abdominal obesity in US adults: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001–2018)

Sun

Huang²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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AimThis study investigates the trend in general obesity and abdominal obesity in US adults from 2001 to 2018.MethodsWe included 44,184 adults from the nine cycles of the continuous NHANES (2001–2002, 2003–2004, 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2011–2012, 2013–2014, 2015–2016, and 2017–2018). The age-adjusted mean body mass index and waist circumference were calculated, and the sex-specific annual change was estimated by the survey cycle. We used the weighted sex-specific logistic regression models to analyze the prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity from 2001 to 2018. The weighted adjusted odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated.ResultsOur study showed that general obesity and abdominal obesity account for about 35.48 and 53.13% of the US population. From 2001–2002 to 2017–2018, the age-adjusted prevalence of general obesity increased from 33.09 to 41.36% in females and from 26.88 to 42.43% in males. During 2001–2018, the age-adjusted prevalence of abdominal obesity increased from 57.58 to 67.33% in females and from 39.07 to 49.73% in males. A significant time-dependent increase was observed in the prevalence of general obesity (adjusted OR, 1.007; 95% CI 1.005–1.009, P < 0.001) and abdominal obesity (adjusted OR, 1.006; 95% CI, 1.004–1.008; P < 0.001).ConclusionGeneral obesity and abdominal obesity are a heavy health burden among US adults, and the increasing trend remains in both males and females from 2001 to 2018.

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Association Between Waist Circumference and the Prevalence of (Pre) Hypertension Among 27,894 US Adults

Cited by 24 publications

References 56 publications

High waist circumference is a risk factor of new‐onset hypertension: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

High waist circumference is a risk factor of new‐onset hypertension: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Prevalence of Prehypertension and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Profiles among Adults in Peru: Findings from a Nationwide Population-Based Study

Trends in general and abdominal obesity in US adults: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001–2018)

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