Association between Vitamin D Status and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and metabolic syndrome along with its associated risk factors in Korean postmenopausal women. This study was performed using data from the KNHANES 2008–2010 study and included 4,364 postmenopausal Korean women. Clinical and other objective characteristics, seasonality, and presence of metabolic syndrome with its five components were evaluated and correlated with the serum levels of 25(OH)D. Although no statistically significant associations were observed between the levels of serum 25(OH)D and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, the adjusted OR for elevated blood pressure, elevated triglycerides (TGs), and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) showed tendency to decrease sequentially as tertiles of serum 25(OH)D levels increased (p for trends = 0.066, 0.043, and 0.010, respectively). Women in the highest tertile of serum 25(OH)D showed a significant decrease in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure, elevated TGs, and reduced HDL-C as compared with those in the lowest tertile of serum 25(OH)D (p = 0.020, 0.014, and 0.002, respectively). Based on these results, we consider that adequate serum levels of 25(OH)D in Korean postmenopausal women may not entirely indicate a lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome. However, adequate serum levels of 25(OH)D are significantly associated with a decrease in elevated blood pressure, elevated TGs, and reduced HDL-C levels in postmenopausal women.

Concentrations of the Vitamin D Metabolite 1,25(OH)2D and Odds of Metabolic Syndrome and its Components

“…To date, a statistically significant association between measured concentrations of 25(OH)D and MetS has been reported in several studies[8–19], though others have not found a relationship[23–26]. The present study is concordant with the majority of previously published work, demonstrating a significant association between 25(OH)D and MetS, which remained after adjustment for BMI.…”

“…Because of the documented relationship between BMI and concentrations of 25(OH)D, statistical models were conducted with and without BMI, and results were generally attenuated when BMI was added. As with waist circumference, the findings for triglycerides were similar to previously published work [8–10,12–14,17,19,23–25]. While the precise mechanism by which vitamin D may affect triglyceride levels is currently unknown, activity may be mediated via calcium-mediated suppression of fecal cholesterol excretion[43].…”

“…Several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and MetS and/or its components, with some showing a relationship[8–22], and others not[23–26]. However, to date, only one report has investigated the relationship between circulating concentrations of 1,25(OH) 2 D and MetS[27], and comparatively few studies have presented results stratified by sex[15,26].…”

“A Study of Vitamin - D Levels in Metabolic Syndrome And its Association with Complications”

“…We observed significant association between hypertension and vitamin D levels. It is similar to the study done by Chon SJ et al [39] where blood pressure is negatively correlated with vitamin D levels. In our study among the lipid profiles, triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly inversely correlated with serum levels of vitamin D. This is similar to observed by the study done by Kedam, Durgaprasr et al [33] where they showed significant inverse relation of vitamin D with triglycerides.…”

Relationship between Serum Vitamin D Status and Metabolic Risk Factors among Korean Adults with Prediabetes

“…In another study [32] of 73 European descent adults being morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40kg/m 2 ), serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with TG (r = -0.364). Chon et al [33] suggested that Korean postmenopausal women in the highest serum 25(OH)D level showed a significant decrease in the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (ORs = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.71–0.97) and low HDL-cholesterol (ORs = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.69–0.93). Also, Lu et al [12] reported that among 3262 Chinese individuals aged 50–70 years, TG decreased as much as 0.10 mmol/l and HDL-cholesterol increased as much as 0.06 mmo/l per 1nmol/l increase in serum 25(OH)D levels.…”