Association between Urinary Cadmium and All Cause, All Cancer and Prostate Cancer Specific Mortalities for Men: an Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) Data

Abstract

Aim: This study employed public use National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) data to investigate the association between urinary cadmium (UDPSI) and all cause, all cancer and prostate cancer mortalities in men. Patients and Methods: NHANES III household adult, laboratory and mortality data were merged. The sampling weight used was WTPFEX6, with SDPPSU6 applied for the probability sampling unit and SDPSTRA6 to designate the strata for the survey analysis. Results: For prostate cancer death, the significant univariates were UDPSI, age, weight, and drinking. Under multivariate logistic regression, the significant covariates were age and weight. For all cause mortality in men, the significant covariates were UDPSI, age, and poverty income ratio. For all cancer mortality in men, the significant covariates were UDPSI, age, black and Mexican race. Conclusions: UDPSI was a predictor of all cause and all cancer mortalities in men as well as prostate cancer mortality.

Association of total cancer and lung cancer with environmental exposure to cadmium: the meta-analytical evidence

“…The studies are listed in chronological order in Table 1. However, out of these seven reports, four were based on the NHANES III population [10,11,13,14], and two studies [9,16] comprised the follow-up of the initial Belgian CadmiBel Study. Of the reports based on the same population, those with the longest follow-up or no restrictions to specific inclusion, e.g., age groups, were included.…”

“…The study with the longest follow-up and minimal restrictions was included in the main analysis, and the findings did hold when the estimates of total cancer of Adams et al [10] (average follow-up of 13.6 years) were changed by those of Menke et al [14] (average follow-up of 9.0 years). The NHANES III study published by Cheung et al [11] did not take the prospective nature of the data into account and was therefore not considered in the sensitivity analysis. An additional study within the NHANES III study population specifically addressed the question whether cadmium-zinc interactions might modify the risk of cadmium-induced cancers.…”

“…In 2006, we were the first to provide prospective evidence for an association between lung cancer and environmental cadmium exposure [9]. In the last 5 years, five US studies [10][11][12][13][14] further reported on the association between cancer and urinary cadmium. Here, we investigated the strength and consistency of the putative role of low-dose environmental cadmium in association with increased total cancer and lung cancer.…”

Mechanisms of Cadmium Carcinogenicity in the Gastrointestinal Tract

“…Cadmium is able to produce malignant tumors in multiple organs following loge term and chronic exposure (Waalkes et al, 1999a(Waalkes et al, , 1999b. Besides experimental studies, epidemiological studies have also confirmed the potential cadmium carcinogenicity (Joseph, 2009;Cobanoglu et al, 2010;Rahim et al, 2013;Cheung et al, 2014).…”

Neoplasia de próstata en trabajadores expuestos al cadmio y/o sus compuestos: revisión sistemática

“…Varios estudios epidemiológicos [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] investigan la asociación entre la exposición ocupacional al cadmio y el desarrollo de neoplasia de próstata, sin embargo se han presentado hallazgos inconsistentes. Algunos estudios han demostrado una relación significativa [13][14][15][16] , otros una asociación débil 17,18 , mientras que otros, por el contrario, no demostraron ninguna asociación 19,20 (IARC) reporta en su informe de 2018 resultados contradictorios sobre la asociación entre la exposición al cadmio en el medio laboral y el desarrollo de neoplasias de próstata. Los incrementos que se observaron en unos primeros estudios de cohortes no pudieron confirmarse en estudios posteriores.…”