Association between the mode of delivery and the occurance of early childhood caries in children from 2 to 5 years of the maternal chilhood center Pachacutec Perú-Korea, Diresa Callao, Perú 2016

Abstract

Early childhood caries (ECC) continues to be the biggest oral health problem in developing countries. Several studiesreport ECC prevalence in children aged 3 years from 40% to 65.7% and in children 5 and 6 years of age up to86%. There are multiple risk factors associated with ECC, such as: cariogenic diet, poor oral hygiene, low salivaryflow, low parental socioeconomic status, low parental education, etc. But there is also a “mode of delivery” factorthat is not being considered and could be important and determinant for the occurrence of ECC.Objective: To determine if there is an association between the mode of delivery and the presence of ECC in childrenaged 2 to 5 years of the Maternal and Child Health Center Pachacutec PERU-KOREA, DIRESA CALLAO2016.Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study was conductedwith children attending the PERU-COREA Maternal and Child Health Center (n=125) during September to Decemberof 2016. A validated questionnaire was used for socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors forECC. An intraoral clinical examination of the children was also performed.Results: The prevalence of ECC in the sample evaluated was 60%. A statistically significant association wasfound between the mode of delivery and the presence of ECC (p <0.001), as well as the covariables oral hygieneindex, frequency of carbohydrate consumption, type of lactation, bottle feeding at night and education of themother, all with a p <0.005. Conclusion: Children born by cesarean section are more at risk of ECC than childrenborn by vaginal delivery

Is the mode of childbirth delivery linked to the prevalence of early childhood caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…There was a considerable inconsistency between the studies. The prevalence of ECC was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) among the C-section children in five studies (Peretz and Kafka 1997 ; Pattanaporn et al 2013 ; Garcia-Castro and Perona-Miguel de Priego 2017 ; Boustedt et al 2018 ; Shanthosh Raj et al 2018 ) and four reported no significant difference between the two modes of delivery (Barfod et al 2012 ; Zhou et al 2013; Sridevi et al 2018 ; Korolenkova et al 2020 ). One study found significantly more caries in the vaginal group (Brandquist et al 2017 ) but the caries prevalence was very low in both groups.…”

“…The main characteristics are listed in Table 1 . Six studies were cross-sectional trials (Zhou et al 2011 ; Garcia-Castro and Perona-Miguel de Priego 2017 ; Shanthosh Raj et al 2018 ; Pattanaporn et al 2018; Sridevi et al 2018 ; Korolenkova et al 2020 ), two utilized population registers (Barfod et al 2012 ; Brandquist et al 2017 ), one was based on a prospective birth cohort (Boustedt et al 2018 ) and two had a case–control design (Peretz and Kafka 1997 ; Nakai et al 2016 ). The number of participating children per study ranged from 100 to 55,092 with a median value of 352.…”

“…The number of participating children per study ranged from 100 to 55,092 with a median value of 352. Four studies were from Europe (Barfod et al 2012 ; Brandquist et al 2017 ; Boustedt et al 2018 ; Korolenkova et al 2020 ), five from Asia (Zhou et al 2011 ; Pattanaporn et al 2013 ; Nakai et al 2016 ; Sridevi et al 2018 ; Shanthosh Raj et al 2018 ), one from South America (Garcia-Castro and Perona-Miguel de Priego 2017 ) and one from Israel (Peretz and Kafka 1997 ). The publication years ranged from 1997 to 2020.…”

“…The risk of bias is shown in Table 2 . One of the included studies had a low risk of bias (Brandquist et al 2017 ), two displayed a moderate risk (Zhou et al 2011 ; Boustedt et al 2018 ) and eight had a high risk of bias (Peretz and Kafka 1997 ; Barfod et al 2012 ; Pattanaporn et al 2013 ; Nakai et al 2016 ; Garcia-Castro and Perona-Miguel de Priego 2017 ; Sridevi et al 2018 ; Shanthosh Raj et al 2018 ; Korolenkova et al 2020 ). All studies except three scored at least one star in each of the three domains of “selection”, “comparability” and “outcome”.…”