Association between sleep, care burden, and related factors among family caregivers at home

Abstract

Aim Several studies have reported a negative correlation between depressive symptoms and family caregivers' (FCs) subjective sleep status. However, there is a paucity of information on the association between objective/subjective sleep status, care burden, and related factors. Methods Participants were 23 pairs of care receivers (CRs; Mage = 82.7 ± 8.5 years; 69.6% women) receiving long‐term care at home and their FCs (Mage = 66.9 ± 11.0 years; 69.6% women). At baseline, demographic data, subjective sleep status (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSQI), WHO‐5 well‐being, depressive mood, and frequency of going outdoors were collected. FCs wore a small, wrist‐worn device with an accelerometer to assess objective sleep status for a consecutive 24‐h 2‐week period, and they answered the Zarit Burden Interview short version (ZBI) every night before sleep. After 3 months, CR status was collected and analysed retrospectively. Results The mean total sleep time over 2 weeks was 349.5 ± 69.6 min. The mean ZBI score over 2 weeks was 8.8 ± 6.8, which was significantly correlated with total sleep time (r = −0.42; P < 0.05), total time in bed (r = −0.44; P < 0.05), PSQI (r = 0.62; P < 0.01), frequency of going outdoors by CRs (r = −0.42; P < 0.05), and WHO‐5 well‐being among CRs (r = −0.50; P < 0.05). Multiple regression analyses revealed that total sleep time (β = −0.51; P < 0.05) was significantly associated with care burden (adjusted R2 = 0.45). At the 3‐month follow‐up, four CRs had been hospitalised or died, and their FCs displayed significantly severe care burden and slept less than at baseline. Conclusions Reduced objective total sleep time is significantly associated with the severity of care burden among FCs. Home‐based care is critical in Japan; therefore, it is meaningful to determine how to reduce care burden.

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“…14 Overall, ZCBS, WHO-5, and WEMWBS instruments have been extensively applied to determine caregiver's physical, mental, and psychological burden and well-being. [14][15][16] Moreover, they have all been adopted to study caregiver burden in Chinese caregivers. 17,18 All questionnaires were filled in privately by each caregiver.…”

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“…This finding might indicate that the low SE of AD patients can lead to insomnia of their caregivers, thus increasing the caregiver burden. Ryuno et al [40] have reported that increased caregiver burden is associated with higher PSQI score (r = 0.62) and less TST measured by actigraph (r = -0.42) of caregivers.…”

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“… 1 , 14 In most cases, older adults present difficulties in their daily living, requiring third-party care, such as family members or other caregivers, 15 greater attention and frequency of health resources, and a greater need of institutional resources, like nursing homes, for older adults. 8 , 15 …”

“…6,12 Specifically, the presence of sleep disorders and their relation to different diseases or alterations in the health of older adults can have a significant impact on their occupational performance, 1 such as in the development of daily routines or their participation in society. 1,14 In most cases, older adults present difficulties in their daily living, requiring third-party care, such as family members or other caregivers, 15 greater attention and frequency of health resources, and a greater need of institutional resources, like nursing homes, for older adults. 8,15 Nursing homes tend to be the most frequented and required resources for the older population in need of some sort of assistance.…”

“…1,14 In most cases, older adults present difficulties in their daily living, requiring third-party care, such as family members or other caregivers, 15 greater attention and frequency of health resources, and a greater need of institutional resources, like nursing homes, for older adults. 8,15 Nursing homes tend to be the most frequented and required resources for the older population in need of some sort of assistance. 13,16 These resources are increasingly in demand in countries with high rates of older adults, such as Spain, where 81.5% of the older people live in nursing home.…”