Association between sarcopenia and levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in the elderly

Abstract

Background: Age-related sarcopenia is a serious global health issue in elderly individuals and for the community as it induces disability and significant economic burden. The purpose of the study is to understand the factors associated with sarcopenia and the role of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) in the occurrence of sarcopenia. Methods: Elderly patients (n = 3276) were included in this cross-sectional study. Survey and measurement of body composition (bioelectrical impedance), grip strength, and step speed were performed according to the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS) diagnostic criteria. Hematological and hormonal indicators were compared between patients with and without sarcopenia in order to identify the associated factors. Results: There were significant differences in the demographic parameters between the sarcopenia and nonsarcopenia groups (all P < 0.05). There were significant differences between the two groups regarding the blood levels of GH, IGF-1, testosterone (T), and mechanical growth factor (MGF) (all P < 0.001). Correlation analyses showed that the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMI) was positively associated with gender and BMI, and with GH, T, IGF-1, MGF, BUN, Cr, and Hb levels, but negatively associated with HDL-C (all P < 0.05). Logistic multivariable regression analysis showed that IGF-1, MGF, BMI, and gender were independently associated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMI) (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: GH and IGF-1 are associated with sarcopenia in the elderly. IGF-1 and MGF are independently associated with the reduction of skeletal muscle mass, along with BMI and gender.

Evidence for the Contribution of Gut Microbiota to Age-Related Anabolic Resistance

“…Moreover, several human studies have displayed relationships between habitual protein intake and serum IGF-1 levels [ 140 , 141 , 142 ]. Collectively, these data provide support for the idea that habitual protein intake influences IGF-1 levels, a finding made relevant by established associations between IGF-1 and both appendicular muscle mass and sarcopenia [ 143 ].…”

Association of the triglyceride and glucose index with low muscle mass: KNHANES 2008–2011

“…In addition, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) is one of the pivotal hormones that regulates muscle growth with an endocrine/paracrine manner, stimulating muscle mass growth and decreasing proinflammatory actions. In a study including 6276 elderly subjects, IGF-1 reduction is independently associated with a decrease in skeletal muscle mass 39 . The roles of IL-6, TNF- α, CRP, and IGF-1 in insulin resistance have been widely studied 35 , 40 .…”

Myostatin as a Biomarker of Muscle Wasting and other Pathologies-State of the Art and Knowledge Gaps

“…With its high prevalence and proved impact on disability and hospitalization risk, quality of life and mortality, sarcopenia poses a major health issue for older people and a public health burden [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. The pathogenesis of this disorder comprises of various factors and mechanisms [ 7 , 8 ], including genetic variability [ 9 , 10 ], cytokine activity [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], vitamin D, testosterone and growth hormone deficiency [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis [ 18 , 19 , 20 ], muscle disuse [ 15 , 21 , 22 ], nutritional status [ 23 , 24 ], atherosclerosis [ 25 , 26 ] and diabetes [ 27 , 28 ]. Some authors distinguish primary (or age-related sarcopenia), occurring in otherwise healthy, usually aged persons, from secondary sarcopenia, the result of chronic inflammatory statuses, diabetes, hormonal alterations, vascular disturbances, renal, respiratory and/or cardiac failure and immobilization [ 29 , 30 ].…”