Association between quality of the diet and cardiometabolic risk factors in postmenopausal women

Abstract

BackgroundClimateric is a phase of women’s life marked by the transition from the reproductive to the non-reproductive period. In addition to overall weight gain, the menopause is also associated with the increase of abdominal fat. We used The Healthy Eating Index as a summary measure to evaluate the major components and the quality of women’s diet after the onset of the menopause. This study aims at examining the association between the quality of the diet and cardiometabolic risk factors in postmenopausal women.MethodsCross-sectional study including 215 postmenopausal women attending a public outpatient clinic. The 24-hour dietary recall method was used to assess the food intake and to establish the Healthy Eating Index. Diets were then classified as appropriate diet (>80 points), diet “requiring improvement” (80–51 points), and poor diet (<51 points). Cardiometabolic risk factors included abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. The Fisher’s exact test was utilized for the Statistical analysis.ResultsThe analysis of the food intake showed that the average daily intake of lipids (36.7%) and sodium (2829.9 mg) were above the recommended. Only 8.8% of the women performed moderate or intense physical exercises on a regular basis. The diet was considered poor in 16.3%, “requiring improvement” in 82.8%, and appropriate for only 0.9% of the women. The study detected increased waist circumference in 92.1% of the participants. The mean concentration of triglycerides was of 183.3 mg/dl, and 130.7 mg/dl for cholesterol (Low Density Lipoprotein).ConclusionWomen consume a low quality diet, possibly due to the low intake of vegetables and fruits and excessive consumption of sodium. These inappropriate eating habits are associated with and, have a negative impact on the cardiometabolic risk factors such as abdominal obesity.

Síndrome metabólica em idosos da atenção terciária em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: associação com o Índice de Alimentação Saudável

“…Assim, observa-se que tanto uma dieta inadequada como uma dieta que necessita de adequação têm a mesma associação com a SM e seus componentes. Estudo que avaliou a associação entre a qualidade da dieta e fatores de risco cardiometabólicos em mulheres brasileiras pós-menopausa, também não encontrou diferença para os componentes do diagnóstico de SM [81]. Outra pesquisa, não com idosos, observou associação da ingestão alimentar inadequada com marcadores de inflamação crônica [15].…”

Perilaku Pencegahan Dan Pengendalian Hipertensi : Studi Pengetahuan, Sikap, Perilaku (Psp) Dan Kesehatan Lingkungan Pada Wanita Pasca Menopause Di Kota Bogor

“…Menopause merupakan fase biologis, periode signifikan penuaan perempuan yang ditandai dengan hipoestrogenisme yang secara fisiologis progresif berakhir pada penghentian siklus menstruasi secara permanen (Prawirohardjo, 2008). Pada perempuan berumur 40 sampai 50 tahun, terjadi proses peningkatan berat badan, terutama akumulasi berlebihan lemak perut (Ventura et al, 2014), cenderung menderita penyakit akibat gaya hidup seperti hipertensi dan diabetes, dan sering mempunyai masalah penyakit endokrin dan gangguan kesehatan pasca menopause (Chung et al, 2011).…”

Associations between Fatty Acid Intake and Status, Desaturase Activities, and FADS Gene Polymorphism in Centrally Obese Postmenopausal Polish Women

“…Postmenopausal women, who show slower energy metabolism, are more prone to these metabolic disorders, especially disturbances of lipid metabolism [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Additionally, the postmenopausal diet is characterized by a low intake of vegetables and fiber and a high intake of protein and animal fat, which results in higher intakes of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and lower unsaturated fatty acids (unSFA) [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Similarly, in postmenopausal Polish women with dyslipidemia, lower polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake and higher SFA intake have also been observed [ 10 ].…”