Association between periodontal disease, tooth loss and liver diseases risk

Abstract

AimThe purpose of this study is to assess the associations between periodontal disease, tooth loss and liver diseases.Materials and methodsPubMed and Embase databases were utilized to search eligible studies. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as effect size to assess the associations between periodontal disease, tooth loss and liver diseases risk.ResultsOur results indicated positive associations between periodontal disease and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.06–1.33), liver cirrhosis (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.50–3.48) and elevated transaminase level risk (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02–1.15). Moreover, tooth loss could increase NAFLD (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.12– 1.56) and liver cancer risk (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.04–1.74), and every five increment in tooth loss was associated with 5% increased liver cancer risk (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01 – 1.10) with a linear relationship. In addition, tooth loss had a positive tendency towards liver cirrhosis risk (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 0.85–4.85) although there was no statistical significance.ConclusionPeriodontal disease and tooth loss are positively associated with liver diseases including NAFLD, elevated transaminase level, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Periodontal disease–related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: An emerging concept of oral‐liver axis

“…In a review by Wijarnpreech et al, 28 five papers that met their inclusion criteria were selected. The unadjusted odds ratio for periodontitis with a probing pocket depth of 3.5-4 mm or more was sta- Chen et al 27 published a meta-analysis of the association between periodontitis and tooth loss and liver disease. Five papers were selected to evaluate the relationship between periodontitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.…”

“…Chen et al 27 published a meta‐analysis of the association between periodontitis and tooth loss and liver disease. Five papers were selected to evaluate the relationship between periodontitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.…”

“… 21 , 22 , 23 Related to this, the concept of a gut‐liver axis and gut dysbiosis was further proposed as another potential route linking the oral cavity and the liver. 24 , 25 Since the late 2010s, systematic reviews and meta‐analyses 26 , 27 , 28 have continued to report on these associations based on growing evidence from epidemiologic studies 21 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 and on additional evaluation from in vivo research. 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 Moreover, as a next step, clinical studies with therapeutic intervention are expected to verify the effect of periodontal treatment on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.…”

Bone healing around titanium implants in a preclinical model of bile duct ligation‐induced liver injury

“…Cirrhosis was also identified being a risk factor for periodontal disease (Chen et al., 2020 ) and tooth loss (Yoon et al., 2016 ). Considering that osseointegration of dental implants requires bone regeneration by intramembranous ossification (Vasak et al., 2014 ), the question of if liver cirrhosis affects peri‐implant bone formation seems relevant.…”

Corrigendum

“…In Chen et al (2020), the order of author names and affiliations were incorrect. The correct order should read as follows:…”