Association between orthodontic treatment and the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are related to a series of clinical manifestations that appear in the form of pain. Currently, there is controversy about the appearance of TMDs after orthodontic treatment. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the association between orthodontic treatment and the occurrence of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD). Material and Methods A bibliographic search was carried out until April 2022, in the following electronic databases: Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Scielo, Google Scholar and Web of Science. We included studies that were case-control and cohort studies, dealing with the association between orthodontic treatment and TMD, in English and Spanish, and with no time limit. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess risk in the included studies. In addition, RevMan 5.3 was considered for meta-analysis, using as a measure the ODDS ratio in a random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval. Results The preliminary search yielded a total of 686 articles, discarding those that did not meet the selection criteria, leaving only 6 articles. These studies reported that there is a significant association between orthodontic treatment and the occurrence of TMD, equivalent to an ODDS ratio of 1.84 with a confidence interval of 1.19-2.83. Conclusions It is concluded that there is an association between orthodontic treatment and the occurrence of TMD, therefore, a person undergoing orthodontic treatment is up to 1.84 times more likely to develop TMD. Key words: Orthodontic treatment, temporomandibular disorders, orthodontics, cases and controls, cohorts, review, Meta-Analysis.

Logistic regression analysis on correlation of occlusion asymmetry and temporomandibular disorders

“…[30][31][32] However, other studies have indicated that orthodontic treatment does not decrease the risk of TMD. 16,18,33 Similarly, the literature shows that orthodontic treatment with or without tooth extraction does not increase the risk of TMD or worsen its pretreatment signs. 6,34 Our current data indicate that patients with sagittal asymmetry of occlusion had a high incidence of TMD.…”

Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in clear aligner patients using orthodontic intermaxillary elastics assessed with diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) axis II evaluation: A cross‐sectional study

“…with certain studies indicating a potential correlation between orthodontic treatment and TMD. 44,45 Also, there exists scientific data indicating a possible association between TMD and the utilisation of intermaxillary elastics. 46 In some cases, intermaxillary elastic forces have the potential to impact the TMJ and potentially growth and development.…”

“…The references largely focus on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of TMD but do not offer explicit details regarding the length of TMD symptoms subsequent to the utilisation of intermaxillary elastics. 44,45,51,52 Hence, the assessment of the duration of intermaxillary elastic use was also conducted in our study. However, there were no significant differences identified in the remaining parameters, with the exception of the depression (PHQ-9) score.…”

Three-dimensional evaluation of condylar morphology after orthodontic treatment in adult patients with Class II malocclusion by cone-beam computed tomography

“…Conversely, many TMD experts hold opposing views, and various kinds of dental interventions, including routine orthodontic treatment, have been reported as causes of TMD [4,5].…”