Association between oncogenic human papillomavirus type 16 and Killian polyp

Abstract

Background Killian polyp (KP) is a benign lesion that arises from the maxillary sinus. The etiology of KP is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential involvement of human papilloma- (HPV) and polyoma-viruses (HPyV) infections in the onset of KP. Methods DNA from antral (n = 14) and nasal (n = 14) KP fractions were analyzed for HPV and HPyV sequences, genotypes, viral DNA load and physical status along with expression of viral proteins and p16 cellular protein. Results The oncogenic HPV16 was detected in 3/14 (21.4%) antral KPs, whilst nasal KPs tested HPV-negative (0/14). The mean HPV16 DNA load was 4.65 ± 2.64 copy/104 cell. The whole HPV16 episomal genome was detected in one KP sample, whereas HPV16 DNA integration in two KPs. P16 mRNA level was lower in the KP sample carrying HPV16 episome than in KPs carrying integrated HPV16 and HPV- negative KPs (p< 0.001). None of the antral and nasal KP samples tested positive for HPyV DNA (0/28). Conclusions A fraction of KP tested positive for the oncogenic HPV16. HPV16 detection in the KP antral portion may be consistent with HPV16 infection derived from the maxillary sinus. HPV16 DNA integration represents a novel finding. Altogether, these data improve our knowledge on the association between KP and HPV infection, whereas it indicates that the KP onset is heterogeneous.

Epigenetics of Male Infertility: The Role of DNA Methylation

“…Over the years, with the development of molecular technology/methods (Park et al, 2012;Tognon et al, 2015;Rotondo et al, 2018bRotondo et al, , 2020aMazzoni et al, 2020;Preti et al, 2020;Oton-Gonzalez et al, 2021), many studies have investigated the relationship between DNA methylation and male infertility on a genome-wide scale by employing high-throughput techniques (Houshdaran et al, 2007;Ferfouri et al, 2013;Schütte et al, 2013;Camprubí et al, 2016;Du et al, 2016;Jenkins et al, 2016a,b;Laqqan et al, 2017a;Lee et al, 2019). The first array-wide analysis was performed by Houshdaran et al (2007) highlighting improper DNA methylation at repetitive element satellite 2, H-RAS, neurotrophin 3, paired-box gene 8, and Stratifin, 3 -nucleotidase, and metallothionein 1A genes in semen samples with abnormal sperm concentration, motility, and morphology.…”

Focus on HPV Infection and the Molecular Mechanisms of Oral Carcinogenesis

“…Indeed, several works reported the presence of HPV16 DNA/mRNA in nasal/Killian polyps nearby the maxillary sinus region. These studies suggest that, HPV16 can potentially drive malignant transformation of the oral region following nasal polyp infection [16,17]. The HPV molecular test aims to search for viral DNA sequences in tissues.…”

Meet the Insidious Players: Review of Viral Infections in Head and Neck Cancer Etiology with an Update on Clinical Trials

“…However, there is no evidence claiming neoplastic transformation of KP, except reported incidents mimicking malignant transformation [ 62 ]. It is difficult to report HPV carcinogenesis in KP, as patients remove them immediately after presentation, and carcinogenic events caused by HPV infection require longer to develop and to be detected [ 63 ]. A study by Knör and colleagues indicated the existence of HPV in nasal and antrochoanal polyps.…”

“…Similarly, Oton-Gonzalez et al (2021) reported the presence of low HPV-16 DNA amounts in both episomal and integrated forms in antral KP. However, they did not report viral expression of E2, E5, E6, and E7 sequences in the HPV-positive KP samples [ 63 ].…”