Abstract:Maxillary sinuses are significantly influenced by various odontogenic conditions, including periodontal bone loss, periapical lesions, and missing teeth, which may result in thickening of the maxillary sinus mucosa.
“…In this study, the presence of radiodensities in the maxillary sinus was found in 184 of the 408 sinuses (45.1%), considerably higher than reported in the literature [22]. On the other hand, the prevalence rate of sinus mucosal thickening was found to be 25% (n = 102 maxillary sinuses), which is much lower than in other studies (range 37-62%) [15,17,23,24]. These variations between studies may be due to differences in the measurements considered to be mucosal thickening (> 1, > 2, or > 3 mm).…”
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the length of the infundibulum and ostium height with the anatomic variations of osteomeatal complex (OMC) and sinus pathology using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of 204 patients (408 maxillary sinuses) were evaluated retrospectively. The height of the ostium and the length of the infundibulum were measured. The presence of maxillary sinus pathology, nasal septal deviation, Haller cells, concha bullosa, and sinus septa were analyzed. The correlation between the size of the maxillary sinus drainage system and anatomic variations was compared using the t test, Fisher’s exact test, and χ2 test. The effect of tooth loss on the length of the infundibulum and ostium height was also analyzed using ANOVA. Results: The height of the ostium and the maximal septal deviation angle were found to be significantly greater in males (p < 0.05). As ostium height increased, the presence of maxillary sinus septa increased (p < 0.05). No statistically significant association was detected between other variations and the length of infundibulum or ostium height. The relationship between tooth loss and both the length of the infundibulum and ostium height were found to be insignificant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Radiographic examination, especially on CBCT images, is important for an evaluation of maxillary sinuses. here, we demonstrated a significant relationship between ostium height and the presence of maxillary sinus septa. However, it was found that nasal septal deviation, concha bullosa, Haller cells, and other sinusopathies did not have a major effect on the size of the maxillary sinus drainage system.
“…In this study, the presence of radiodensities in the maxillary sinus was found in 184 of the 408 sinuses (45.1%), considerably higher than reported in the literature [22]. On the other hand, the prevalence rate of sinus mucosal thickening was found to be 25% (n = 102 maxillary sinuses), which is much lower than in other studies (range 37-62%) [15,17,23,24]. These variations between studies may be due to differences in the measurements considered to be mucosal thickening (> 1, > 2, or > 3 mm).…”
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the length of the infundibulum and ostium height with the anatomic variations of osteomeatal complex (OMC) and sinus pathology using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of 204 patients (408 maxillary sinuses) were evaluated retrospectively. The height of the ostium and the length of the infundibulum were measured. The presence of maxillary sinus pathology, nasal septal deviation, Haller cells, concha bullosa, and sinus septa were analyzed. The correlation between the size of the maxillary sinus drainage system and anatomic variations was compared using the t test, Fisher’s exact test, and χ2 test. The effect of tooth loss on the length of the infundibulum and ostium height was also analyzed using ANOVA. Results: The height of the ostium and the maximal septal deviation angle were found to be significantly greater in males (p < 0.05). As ostium height increased, the presence of maxillary sinus septa increased (p < 0.05). No statistically significant association was detected between other variations and the length of infundibulum or ostium height. The relationship between tooth loss and both the length of the infundibulum and ostium height were found to be insignificant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Radiographic examination, especially on CBCT images, is important for an evaluation of maxillary sinuses. here, we demonstrated a significant relationship between ostium height and the presence of maxillary sinus septa. However, it was found that nasal septal deviation, concha bullosa, Haller cells, and other sinusopathies did not have a major effect on the size of the maxillary sinus drainage system.
“…Studies evaluating the thickening of sinus mucosa in order to specify its severity level have agreed that mucosal thickening (MT) more than 2 mm is an important indicator of sinus disease (Rak et al 1991, Vallo et al 2010, Maillet et al 2011, Janner et al 2011, Lu et al 2012, Shanbhag et al 2013, Roque-Torres et al 2016, Capelli & Gatti 2016, Lathiya et al 2018, Aksoy & Orhan 2019. In addition to the thickness, the type of MT (flat or polypoid) has been considered as another important parameter for the diagnosis of OMS (Nascimento et al 2016).…”
Aim
To evaluate the effect of various parameters of periapical lesion(s) on the amount and type of mucosal thickening using cone beam CT images.
Methodology
CBCT scans of 1000 patients were evaluated retrospectively for the presence of apical lesions in maxillary posterior teeth associated with sinus mucosal thickening. The number of cases with pathological mucosal thickening was recorded and classified according to the amount and type of mucosal thickening. The parameters evaluated as the cause of mucosal thickening were the type and number of posterior teeth, number of root(s), diameter of the periapical lesion and distance between maxillary sinus and lesion. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression was used for data analyses. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used for pair‐wise comparisons. Intrarater reliability was tested by Cohen’s kappa.
Results
Mucosal thickening associated with periapical lesions was determined in 48% of 202 cases. The most frequently detected extent of mucosal thickening was type 3 (42%), whereas flat type thickening (59%) was the most frequent type. The tooth most frequently associated with mucosal thickening was the maxillary first molar (44%). Parameters significantly affecting the extent of mucosal thickening were gender, number of roots, number of teeth with periapical lesions and diameter of periapical lesions (P < 0.05). The single parameter with an association with the type of mucosal thickening was the number of roots with an apical lesion (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Mucosal thickening associated with periapical lesions was observed in almost 50% of all mucosal thickening cases. Therefore, collaboration amongst endodontists and otolaryngologists is mandatory to provide successful treatment and prevent recurrence of maxillary sinusitis.
“…Aksoy and Orhan [1] evaluated tomography scans of 294 patients and determined that the thickening of the sinus mucosa was greater than 2 mm with periapical lesions coinciding with the values obtained in this study because values greater than 3 mm were obtained for both sexes; on the other hand, Aksoy and Orhan [1] obtained a significant correlation between SM and PL thickening according to age and sex, differing with this study because it was determined that if there is a correlation between LP and MS, but this is not significant for the sex variable, however, it coincides as to the moderate correlation for age for the groups of 48-59 and 60-86 years.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among the studies that found a significant correlation between the thickening of the Schneider membrane and the periapical lesions, we have that of Aksoy and Orhan [1] because they demonstrated a direct relationship between both variables associated with age, sex, and teeth missing; Nunes et al [3] showed in their study that the posterior teeth with periapical lesions had the highest frequency of sinus anomalies, Sheikhi et al [5] in their study showed that Schneider's membrane thickening was directly related with periapical bone loss, and finally Shanbag et al [6] in their study concluded that the thickening of the Schneider membrane is significantly related to periapical lesions more frequently in the male sex.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Schneider's membrane involvement may be due to different factors; however, in several studies, periapical lesions have been identified as the main cause of this [1][2][3][4][5][6]. is can be observed by means of auxiliary examinations, such as conebeam tomography, in such a way that if we find periapical lesions (PL) adjacent to the maxillary sinus; in many cases, they produce some alteration directly to Schneider membrane (SM), and this relation can even be observed clinically in the patient as is the case of sinusitis as a result of an infectious complication of the periapex.…”
Objective. To determine the relationship between the height of the periapical lesions adjacent to the maxillary sinus and the thickness of the Schneider membrane evaluated with cone-beam tomography. Materials and Methods. The universe was made up of 2432 tomography scans and a sample of 976, by systematic random sampling, and took into account those that presented any of the variables and/or both. For the relationship analysis, the sample was distributed according to sex, maxillary side, and age; it was formed between 18 and 86 years, in age groups of 18–36 years, 37–48 years, 49–59 years, and 60–86 years. The quantitative variables of the statistic descriptive analysis, hypothesis tests, and Spearman correlation were recorded. Results. A significantly low correlation (p<0.010) was observed between the periapical lesions and the thickness of the Schneider membrane in women (rho = 0.38) and men (rho = 0.32); in the same way, a significantly low correlation was observed in the age groups of 18–36 years (rho = 0.27) and 37–48 years (rho = 0.28), while a significantly moderate correlation was observed in the age groups of 49–59 years (rho = 0.45) and 60–86 years (rho = 0.44), and with respect to the sides, a significantly low correlation (rho = 0.28) was obtained for the right side and a significantly moderate correlation (rho = 0.45) was obtained on the left side. Conclusion. We found that the height of the periapical lesions and the thickness of the Schneider membrane are significantly related according to age, sex, and maxillary side, this relationship being accentuated at an older age and on the left side.
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