Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a condition characterized by severe, intractable nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. It affects about 0.3–2% of all pregnancies and is thought that HG is a multifactorial disease resulting from the combination of various unrelated conditions such as genetic, hormonal and psychiatric. Although there are studies investigating the relationship between anxiety, depression and HG; however, none have sufficiently clarified this link. The aim of this prospective case–control study was to investigate the possible relationship between depression and HG and compare the prevalence of depression disorders in pregnant women with and without HG.A prospective case–control study was performed at our tertiary referral centre between December 2013 and July 2014. The study group consisted of 78 pregnant women with HG and the control group consisted of 82 healthy pregnant women who never had experienced any nausea and vomiting. No study participants had any pre-pregnancy history of any psychiatric disorder including depression. Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic (SCID-I) and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) was used to evaluate symptoms of depression. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to patients during the psychiatric interview and was evaluated by the same psychiatrist.The mean BDI scores in HG study and healthy control groups were 18.97 ± 9.85 and 6.36 ± 5.61, respectively (p < 0.001). Among the 78 women in the HG study population, 42 (53.9%) of patients had moderate or severe depression disorder. Only 6.1% of patients in the control group had moderate or severe depression.In conclusion, the findings of this study indicated that psychological distress associated with HG was a direct consequence rather than a cause of HG. Therefore, patients with HG during pregnancy should be evaluated with respect to mood disorders as much as their medical conditions.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the length of the infundibulum and ostium height with the anatomic variations of osteomeatal complex (OMC) and sinus pathology using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of 204 patients (408 maxillary sinuses) were evaluated retrospectively. The height of the ostium and the length of the infundibulum were measured. The presence of maxillary sinus pathology, nasal septal deviation, Haller cells, concha bullosa, and sinus septa were analyzed. The correlation between the size of the maxillary sinus drainage system and anatomic variations was compared using the t test, Fisher’s exact test, and χ² test. The effect of tooth loss on the length of the infundibulum and ostium height was also analyzed using ANOVA. Results: The height of the ostium and the maximal septal deviation angle were found to be significantly greater in males (p < 0.05). As ostium height increased, the presence of maxillary sinus septa increased (p < 0.05). No statistically significant association was detected between other variations and the length of infundibulum or ostium height. The relationship between tooth loss and both the length of the infundibulum and ostium height were found to be insignificant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Radiographic examination, especially on CBCT images, is important for an evaluation of maxillary sinuses. here, we demonstrated a significant relationship between ostium height and the presence of maxillary sinus septa. However, it was found that nasal septal deviation, concha bullosa, Haller cells, and other sinusopathies did not have a major effect on the size of the maxillary sinus drainage system.

Maternal obesity decreases the accuracy of sonographic fetal weight estimation. Clinicians should be aware of the limitations of sonographic fetal weight estimation, especially in obese patients.

No abstract

Türkçe eğitiminin temel araçları ders kitaplarıdır. Ders kitapları eğitim öğretim sürecinin verimliliğinde büyük bir rol oynamaktadır. Öğretmenler ağırlıklı olarak ders kitaplarında yer alan metinleri ve etkinlikleri kullanarak Türkçe dersinin hedeflerine ulaşmaya çalışmaktadır. Öğretim programına uygun olarak hazırlanan ders kitapları tematik bir metin seçkisi özelliği göstermektedir. Ortaokul düzeyinde metinlerle birlikte metne bağlı etkinlikleri içeren ders kitapları Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) ve özel yayınevleri tarafından hazırlanmakta ve Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu onayıyla yürürlüğe girmektedir. 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında ortaokul düzeyinde yedi ders kitabı bulunmaktadır. Altıncı ve yedinci sınıf düzeylerinde hem MEB hem de özel yayınevlerinin Türkçe ders kitabı bulunmaktadır. Ders kitaplarındaki metinler öğretim programında yer alan zorunlu ve seçmeli temalara uygun olarak seçilmektedir. Aynı düzey için hazırlanan ders kitaplarında farklı temaların seçilmesi durumu kitapların söz varlığı bakımından niteliklerini değiştirebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada altıncı sınıf düzeyi için MEB Yayınları ve Eksen Yayıncılık tarafından hazırlanan altıncı sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarının söz varlığı bakımından bir karşılaştırması yapılmaktadır. Çalışmada her iki kitabın söz varlığı belirlenerek karşılaştırılmış ve ortak söz varlığı belirlenmiştir. İki kitap arasındaki söz varlığı benzerliğinin %45'in altında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ders kitaplarından elde edilen sonuçlar Türkçede en sık kullanılan 1000 kelime ile karşılaştırılmıştır. MEB tarafından yayımlanan Türkçe ders kitabındaki metinlerde Türkçede en sık kullanılan 1000 kelimeye %74,4 oranında (744 kelime), Eksen Yayıncılık tarafından yayımlanan Türkçe ders kitabında ise %69,2 oranında (692 kelime) yer verdiği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca her iki kitapta ortak olarak bulunan 1.197 kelimenin Türkçenin en sık kullanılan ilk 1000 kelimeden 588'ini içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar farklı yayınevleri tarafından hazırlanan ders kitaplarının aynı sınıf düzeyindeki öğrencilere ortak söz varlığı kazandırmak bakımından yeterli olmadığı sonucunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Sweeping of membranes is a safe method to reduce the length of term in pregnancy and the incidence of prolonged gestation in a low-risk population. There is no evidence that sweeping the membranes increases the risk of maternal or neonatal adverse outcomes.

Significance of the Study• The aim of this study was to compare cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and panoramic radiography (PR) for the detection of tonsilloliths. • The detection rate of tonsilloliths was 33.2% on CBCT. • Only 51.4% of the tonsilloliths detected on CBCT were identified by PR. • PR was not adequate to detect tonsilloliths 1 mm or smaller in size. AbstractObjective: A tonsillolith is a concretion of the tonsillar crypt. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare panoramic radiography (PR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for the detection of tonsilloliths. Materials and Methods: The CBCT images of 527 patients with maxillofacial volume were evaluated retrospectively. Of these, 175 patients (81 females, 94 males; mean age 51.05 years) had unilateral or bilateral tonsilloliths. In total, 151 of them (67 females, 84 males; mean age, 51.03 years) had PR images performed in the same period and were included in the study. The PR images were examined to ascertain whether known tonsilloliths (from CBCT images) could be detected. The location (unilateral; left or right and bilateral), size, and number of the tonsilloliths were examined on both CBCT and PR images. Descriptive analysis, Spearman's rho correlation coefficient, and χ 2 tests were used for the statistical analysis. Results: The detection rate of tonsillolith was 33.2% on CBCT images. Only 51.4% of the tonsilloliths detected on CBCT were evaluated by PR; the correlation between CBCT and PR was found to be significant (Spearman's r = 0.399, p = 0.000). PR was not adequate to detect tonsilloliths 1 mm or smaller in size. All the calcifications larger than 5 mm were detected on PR images. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that more than half of the tonsilloliths observed in CBCT were also detected in PR. Tonsilloliths larger than 2 mm were more likely to be detected on PR images.

IntroductionUterine leiomyomas are the most common benign neoplasms of the female reproductive tract. Myomectomy is the preferred surgical treatment in reproductive-aged women who desire to retain their fertility. The use of a laparoscopic approach for large myomas is still controversial, although there are several compelling reasons for its use. The laparoscopic removal of giant uterine myomas is rare, and only a few cases have been published in the literature.Case presentationWe report the case of a 33-year-old white woman who was referred to our clinic with progressive abdominal distension. An ultrasonic examination revealed a markedly enlarged uterus containing a 17 cm uterine myoma. Laparoscopic myomectomy was selected as the treatment option. The laparoscopy confirmed the 17 cm fundal intramural myoma. The myoma was totally enucleated and removed without disturbing her endometrial cavity. The myometrial defect was repaired with a continuous suture using the V-loc suture in two layers. The entire myoma was removed using a tissue morcellator. The total weight of the myoma removed was 2005g, and the operation lasted for 140 minutes. Her postoperative course was unremarkable.ConclusionsLaparoscopic myomectomy offers many advantages compared with abdominal myomectomy. Although the use of a laparoscopic approach to treat very large myomas is controversial and technically demanding, we successfully performed a laparoscopic myomectomy in a patient with a giant myoma. This case confirms the efficiency, reliability, and safety of a minimally invasive surgical approach to treating a giant uterine myoma. Laparoscopic myomectomy can be performed by experienced surgeons regardless of the size of the myoma.