Association Between Na, K, and Lipid Intake in Each Meal and Blood Pressure

Imamura, Momoko; Sasaki, Hiroyuki; Shinto, Takae; Tahara, Yu; Makino, Saneyuki; Kuwahara, Mai; Tada, Ayako; Abe, Nanako; Michie, Mikiko; Shibata, Shigenobu

doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.853118

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…The intake timing of snacks might have been different among participants because the snack time was not checked in this study. In our previous study, the validity of the dietary record of this app was high [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Japanese Breakfast Intake with Macro- and Micronutrients and Morning Chronotype

et al. 2022

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(1) Background: Dietary intake may have a remarkable effect on sleep because skipping breakfast and having a late dinner affects many sleep parameters. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day for children and adults to maintain morning chronotype. We examine whether breakfast style is associated with nutrient intake and sleep factors. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional analysis, with a large sample size of 2671 (766 men and 1805 women aged 20–60 years after data brush-up), was based on data obtained from an online survey. Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman’s rank correlation test. The Kruskal–Wallis’s test followed by post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparison test was used to evaluate the interaction between sleep factors and breakfast categories. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with multiple confounding factors. Dietary data were analyzed using approximately one-month average dietary records from the application. The basic characteristics of the participants (age, sex, and BMI) and other lifestyle-related factors (sleep and physical activity) were obtained accordingly. Sleep parameters including the timing of weekday sleep onset, weekday wake-up, weekend (free day) sleep onset, weekend wake-up, sleep, and midpoints of sleep phase were calculated for each participant. We categorized participants’ breakfast types into five groups: (1) Japanese meal, where breakfast may contain Japanese ingredients such as rice; (2) Western meal, where breakfast may contain bread; (3) alternating eating patterns of Japanese and Western meals; (4) cereals and supplements, where breakfast may contain cereals or supplements and energy bars; and (5) skipped breakfast (no breakfast). (3) Results: The midpoint values of the sleep phase on weekends adjusted for sleep debt on work days (MSFsc) related to chronotype were higher in women, suggesting that they may prefer eveningness. Participants with obesity, young age, and low physical activity preferred eveningness with longer sleep durations. Intake of Japanese-style breakfast was significantly associated with early wake-up time on both weekdays and weekends. Cereal-style breakfast intake was significantly associated with late wake-up on both weekdays and weekends. Intake of macronutrients such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, and sodium at breakfast time was positively and strongly associated with the intake of Japanese breakfast, whereas macronutrients were negatively associated with the intake of cereal breakfast. Among micronutrients, vitamin K was positively correlated with Japanese breakfast and negatively correlated with cereal breakfast; (4) Conclusions: Japanese-style breakfast is associated not only with morning preference but also with high intake of macro- and micronutrients.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Japanese Breakfast Intake with Macro- and Micronutrients and Morning Chronotype

et al. 2022

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“…Several studies have suggested that habitual breakfast skipping is related to health problems such as the risk of obesity [ 4 ], cardiovascular diseases [ 5 ], and cognitive function [ 6 ]. A survey of feeding patterns in Japan reported that many people have a meal ratio (10 for whole day’s energy intake) of 2.5 for breakfast; 3, lunch; and, 4.5, dinner [ 7 ]. At dinner, obesity is positively related to not only the energy quantity of meals but also the eating time of meals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of lunch with different calorie and nutrient balances on dinner-induced postprandial glucose variability

et al. 2022

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Aim This study aimed to examine the effect of lunches with different caloric contents (Study 1) and nutrient balances (Study 2) on dinner-induced postprandial glucose fluctuation. Methods Energy trial (Study 1): Thirteen healthy young participants (n = 10 men, n = 3 women) were investigated to determine the effects of different caloric intakes at lunch on glucose level variability. The study was comprised of four trials (no lunch, low lunch, standard lunch, and high-energy lunch). Energy balance trial (Study 2): Fourteen healthy young adults (n = 8 men, n = 6 women) were investigated to determine the effect of different nutrient balances during lunch on glucose level variability. The study consisted of four trials (standard, protein-rich, fat-rich, and carbohydrate-rich). In studies 1 and 2, each trial was spaced at least 24 full hours apart, and breakfast and dinner were tested as meals. The mealtimes for each trial were then aligned. Continuous glucose monitoring was used to assess the blood glucose fluctuations. Results Study 1: The no-lunch (95% CI 95.5–149.7) and low-energy lunch (95% CI 90.8–143.1) trials had significantly higher values in the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of postprandial blood glucose at dinner compared to the standard (95% CI 55.4–90.0) and high-energy lunch (95% CI 29.3–54.6) trials (P = 0.006, P = 0.001 vs. none), (P = 0.004, P = 0.001 vs. low-energy trial). Study 2: A significantly higher postprandial blood glucose iAUC for dinner was found in the fat-rich trial (95% CI 58.5–114.0) than that in the protein-rich (95% CI 25.6–63.9) and standard (95% CI 25.6–112.4) trials, (P = 0.006, P = 0.035 vs. fat-rich trial). Conclusions Our findings indicate that skipping lunch and low-calorie or high-lipid intake increased postprandial blood glucose levels after dinner.

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“…Several studies have suggested that habitual breakfast skipping is related to health problems such as the risk of obesity [4], cardiovascular diseases [5], and cognitive function [6]. A survey of feeding patterns in Japan reported that many people have a meal ratio (10 for whole day's energy intake) of 2.5 for breakfast; 3, lunch; and, 4.5, dinner [7]. At dinner, obesity is positively related to not only the volume of meals but also the eating time of meals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of lunch with different calorie and nutrient balances on dinner-induced postprandial glucose variability

Kuwahara

Kim

Furutani

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Aim: This study aimed to examine the effect of lunches with different calorie intakes (Study 1) and nutrient balances (Study 2) on dinner-induced postprandial glucose fluctuation.Methods: Energy trial (Study 1): Thirteen healthy young participants (n = 10 men, n = 3 women) were investigated to determine the effects of different caloric intakes at lunch on glucose level variability. The study comprised four trials (no lunch, low lunch, standard lunch, and high-energy lunch). Energy balance trial (Study 2): Fourteen healthy young adults (n = 8 men, n = 6 women) were investigated to determine the effect of different nutrient balances during lunch on glucose level variability. The study consisted of four trials (standard, protein-rich, fat-rich, and carbohydrate-rich). In Studies 1 and 2, each trial was spaced at least one day apart, and breakfast and dinner were tested as meals. The mealtimes for each trial were then aligned. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was used to assess the blood glucose fluctuations.Results: Study 1: The no-lunch and low-energy lunch trials had significantly higher values in the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of postprandial blood glucose at dinner compared to the standard and high-energy lunch trials (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 vs none), (respectively, P < 0.01 vs low-energy trial). Study 2: A significantly higher postprandial blood glucose iAUC for dinner was found in the fat-rich trial than that in the protein-rich and standard trials, respectively (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Our findings indicate that skipping lunch and low-calorie or high-lipid intake increased postprandial blood glucose levels after dinner.

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Association Between Na, K, and Lipid Intake in Each Meal and Blood Pressure

Cited by 10 publications

References 54 publications

Association of Japanese Breakfast Intake with Macro- and Micronutrients and Morning Chronotype

Association of Japanese Breakfast Intake with Macro- and Micronutrients and Morning Chronotype

Effect of lunch with different calorie and nutrient balances on dinner-induced postprandial glucose variability

Effect of lunch with different calorie and nutrient balances on dinner-induced postprandial glucose variability

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