Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Japanese Subjects Using Three Sets of Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome and International Prostate Symptom Score

Risk Factors for Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: The Role of Metabolic Syndrome and Androgenetic Alopecia in a Latin American Population

“…6,26 A number of studies, in particular in Asian populations, did not find an association between male LUTS and the MetS. [7][8][9][10][11] Differences between these results and ours could stem from several factors. First, age of study participants can influence results, as it has been suggested that the association between LUTS and MetS is less marked in older men.…”

“…A team of trained urologists collected data on a structured datasheet assessing age, use of medications, presence of previously diagnosed comorbidities e hypertension (defined as blood presure !130 Â 85 mm Hg or antihypertensive drug use), type 2 diabetes mellitus (defined as fasting plasma glucose !100 mg/dL or diabetes drug use), dyslipidemia (serum high-density lipoprotein <40 mg/dL, triglycerides !150 mg/dL, or lipid medication use), previous cardiovascular events, or previous urologic diagnoses and presence of LUTS with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire. Presence of LUTS was categorized according to the IPSS as mild or asymptomatic (IPSS 0-7), moderate (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), or severe (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). Presence of clinically significant LUTS was defined as a score equal to or greater than 8 on IPSS.…”

“…6 However, later studies in Asia, Europe, and North America did not replicate such epidemiologic associations. [7][8][9][10][11] To date, there are no epidemiologic investigations on the association of MetS and male LUTS in Latin American populations.…”

Connections between lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic enlargement and metabolic syndrome with its components: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…As concerning this, studies from Asian cohorts have evidenced an absent or even negative association between MetS and symptoms severity [17][18][19]21,30]. Anyway, these studies were conducted in healthy middleaged men.…”

“…International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) outcomes in patients with MetS were reported in 14 studies [5,6,8,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. There was statistically significant heterogeneity in these studies (…”