Association Between Maternal HIV Stigma Among South Indian Mothers Living with HIV and the CD4 Count of Children Living with HIV

PhamDo, Valerie; Nyamathi, Adeline; Sinha, Sanjeev; Yadav, Kartik; Shin, Sanghyuk S.

doi:10.1007/s10461-021-03537-w

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…The prevalence of perceived HIV stigma was high, with over two-thirds (68.6%) of participants reporting experiencing stigma. This aligns with previous studies that have demonstrated the pervasive nature of HIV stigma and its detrimental effects on the well-being and health of PWH [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. On the other hand, the prevalence of enacted stigma was relatively low (6.7%) in this setting, which contrasts with findings from previous studies in sub-Saharan Africa, which found high levels of enacted stigma towards PWH [28][29][30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Enacted stigma, on the other hand, encompasses the actual experiences of discrimination, mistreatment, and marginalization faced by PWH due to their real or perceived serostatus [6]. HIV stigma can have profound impacts on the psychosocial well-being, mental health, quality of life, and clinical outcomes of PWH [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Studies have shown that HIV stigma leads to increased levels of depression and anxiety [7], unwillingness to test for HIV [8,9], fear of status disclosure [10,11], and poor treatment adherence [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the fear of stigma contributes to poor retention in HIV care, compromising treatment outcomes [14]. Moreover, HIV stigma is linked to higher HIV viremia and lower CD4 cell counts, indicating negative effects on disease progression and immune health [15][16][17]. Thus, understanding and addressing the various dimensions of HIV stigma is essential for comprehensive approaches to HIV prevention, care, and psychosocial support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceived and Enacted HIV-Related Stigma in Eastern and Southern Sierra Leone: A Psychometric Study of an HIV Stigma Scale

Yendewa

Kpaka²,

Sellu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: HIV stigma continues to hinder the care of people with HIV (PWH), especially in low-resource settings. We aimed to adapt and validate a concise HIV stigma scale for perceived HIV stigma in Sierra Leone. Methods: We enrolled participants in two HIV clinics in Eastern and Southern Sierra Leone in 2022. We assessed perceived stigma using a 12-item adaptation of Berger's HIV Stigma Scale and enacted stigma using select USAID indicators. We used ordinal logistic regression to identify predictors of perceived stigma and Pearson's correlation to examine associations between perceived and enacted stigma. Results: 624 PWH were enrolled. The final adapted 6-item HIV stigma scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.72) and a four-factor solution accounting for 84.8% of variance: concern about public attitude (2 items), personalized stigma (2 items), negative self-image (1 item), and disclosure concerns (1 item). The prevalence of perceived HIV stigma was 68.6%, with disclosure concerns as the most prominent contributor. Enacted HIV stigma was reported by only 6.7% of participants, with partner/spousal abandonment and workplace stigma being the most common discriminatory experiences. Employment (β = 0.525, p <0.001), residence in Eastern Sierra Leone (β = 3.215, p < 0.001), and experiencing enacted stigma (β = 0.804, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with perceived stigma. Having a family member or friend with HIV (β = -0.499, p < 0.001), and HIV disclosure (β = -0.710, p < 0.001) were protective against perceived stigma. Enacted stigma strongly correlated with partner abandonment and family isolation (r = 0.223, p < 0.001). Conclusion: We found high levels of perceived HIV stigma, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to combat stigma and discrimination for PWH in Sierra Leone.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceived and Enacted HIV-Related Stigma in Eastern and Southern Sierra Leone: A Psychometric Study of an HIV Stigma Scale

Yendewa

Kpaka²,

Sellu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The development of AIDS was not seen in the natural host species, such as the African Green Monkey. On the other hand, pathogenic species, such as the Rhesus macaque, exhibited high immune activation [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of HIV on immune cells and correlation with cardiovascular diseases

2023

JPTCP

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Although the roll-out of anti-retroviral therapy has slowed down the spread of HIV-AIDS, studies have shown that the treatment can still increase the risk of developing cardio-metabolic issues. In this study, we hypothesized that the effects of HIV on immune cells could contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. The goal of our study was to analyze the changes in the T and monocyte cell subsets of the immune system caused by HIV. We also examined the relationship between these changes and the viral load. The study was conducted in Egypt, where 80 participants were recruited. They were divided into groups based on their CD4 count, as well as those who were HIV-nave and those who were treated with cART. The control group had a CD4 count of 500 cells/L, while the group that was HIV-positive had a count of 200 cells/L. The data collected during the study were used to analyze the effects of the HIV treatment on the monocyte and T cells subsets. They were then analyzed using flow cytometry. In addition to these, the researchers also used tissue factor and CD38 to identify the changes in the monocyte subpopulation.The results of the study revealed that the levels of coagulation and inflammation markers significantly increased in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations. The co-expression of these markers also increased.

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Determinants of stigma faced by people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A narrative review from past and present scenario in India

Lalhruaimawii

Danturulu²,

Rai³

et al. 2022

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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Association Between Maternal HIV Stigma Among South Indian Mothers Living with HIV and the CD4 Count of Children Living with HIV

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

Perceived and Enacted HIV-Related Stigma in Eastern and Southern Sierra Leone: A Psychometric Study of an HIV Stigma Scale

Perceived and Enacted HIV-Related Stigma in Eastern and Southern Sierra Leone: A Psychometric Study of an HIV Stigma Scale

The effects of HIV on immune cells and correlation with cardiovascular diseases

Determinants of stigma faced by people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A narrative review from past and present scenario in India

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