Association between maternal dietary acid load during the early pregnancy and pregnancy-related complications

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have suggested that there is an association between dietary acid load (DAL) with complications and outcomes of pregnancy. The current study aimed to explore the impact of DAL on theses parameters through a prospective cohort of Iranian pregnant women. In this prospective cohort study, 812 singleton pregnant women without any medical condition, use of medications, and without following a specific diet were included. Dietary intake of participants was examined using a 117-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Net endogenous acid production (NEAP) and potential renal acid load (PRAL) parameters were used to explore potential DAL using the suggested formula. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used and odds ratio (OR) and 95% corresponding confidence interval (CI) were reported. DAL (NEAP and PRAL) was not associated with pregnancy outcomes including birth weight, birth height and birth head circumference (all P values > .05). NEAP was associated with preeclampsia (Model 3: OR = 0.48, 95%CI (0.25, 0.94); P trend = 0.05), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (Model 2: OR = 3.99, 95%CI (1.09, 14.53); P trend = 0.04), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (Model 3: OR = 2.45, 95%CI (1.05, 5.72); P trend = 0.03), and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) (Model 3: OR = 2.82, 95%CI (1.02, 7.78); P trend = 0.01). Moreover, PRAL was related with risk of pre-eclampsia (Model 3: OR = 0.41, 95%CI (0.19, 0.86); P trend = 0.003), SBP (Model 2: OR = 6.07, 95%CI (1.23, 29.94); P trend = 0.03), DBP (Model 3: OR = 3.62, 95% CI (1.23, 10.65); P trend = 0.03), and IUGR (Model 2: OR = 2.63, 95%CI (0.93, 7.44); P trend = 0.02). Our study focused on DAL which showed a significant association with pregnancy-related complications including higher SBP, DBP, IUGR, and pre-eclampsia. Further research with larger sample sizes in different populations might be required to evaluate the compatibility of DAL during pregnancy ARTICLE HISTORY

Dietary factors that affect the risk of pre-eclampsia

“…Research suggests that diets characterised by higher intakes of fruits and/or vegetables reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia 45–53. For example, a Norwegian observational study assessed the diet of 23 000 mothers and found that a diet characterised by higher vegetables, plant foods and vegetable oils was associated with a reduced risk of pre-eclampsia (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.85) 47.…”

“…Research has demonstrated that women with greater adherence to a western diet are at increased risk of pre-eclampsia 51 52 57. In an Iranian case–control study of 510 pregnant women, a diet characterised by a high intake of red meat, processed meat, fried potatoes and pickles increased the risk of pre-eclampsia nearly sixfold (OR 5.99, 95% CI 3.41 to 10.53) 52.…”

Maternal Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods-Rich Diet and Perinatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…After the removal of duplicates, 4.918 article titles and abstracts were screened. Of these, 151 full-text articles were further assessed for eligibility and, finally, 61 studies [ 4 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ,…”

Geographical variations in maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy associated with birth weight in Shaanxi province, Northwestern China

“…In contrast, the surveyed area in North Shaanxi comprises of small townships and villages where mothers have lower economic levels and are less educated. Pregnant women in villages with greater density are more likely to eat high-starch foods and tend to adopt more frugal dietary structure [35]. These results remind us that it is extremely urgent to advocate the equilibrium diet during pregnancy, especially in North Shaanxi.…”