Association between Maternal Anaemia and Postpartum Depression in an Urban Sample of Pregnant Women in Iran

Goshtasebi, Azita; Alizadeh, Mozhgan; Behboudi‐Gandevani, Samira

doi:10.3329/jhpn.v31i3.16832

Cited by 49 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…In addition, a proportion of females who were anemic during pregnancy also showed significant correlation with risk of PPD. Earlier international studies also suggested that early postpartum anemia, as indicated by low Hb concentration, is a significant risk factor for PPD 22,38,39. Low Hb levels cause weakness, faintness, painful perineal sutures, and tingling of the extremities 20.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Risk factors associated with postpartum depression in the Saudi population

Alharbi¹,

Abdulghani²

2014

NDT

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IntroductionPostpartum depression (PPD) is one of the major psychological disorders worldwide that affects both mother and child. The aim of this study was to correlate the risk of PPD with obstetric and demographic variables in Saudi females.Materials and methodsData were collected by interviewing females 8–12 weeks postpartum. PPD symptoms were defined as present when subjects had an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of 10 or higher. Variables included in this study were age, education, occupation, parity, baby’s sex, pregnancy period, delivery type, hemoglobin level, anemia, and iron pills taken during pregnancy.ResultsOf the 352 postpartum females, the prevalence of PPD symptom risk was 117 (33.2%). Among the PPD symptomatic females, 66 (39.8%) had low hemoglobin levels, and 45 (40.5%) females were anemic during pregnancy (P≤0.05). These results suggest that early postpartum anemia, indicated by low hemoglobin level, is a significant risk factor for PPD (adjusted odds ratio 1.70, 95% confidence interval 1.05–2.74; P=0.03). Other variables, including age, parity, education, occupation, and delivery type, were not significantly correlated (P=0.15–0.95), but marginally indicative of the risk of depressive symptoms.ConclusionLow hemoglobin level and anemia during pregnancy were risk factors for PPD in Saudi females. Many other factors may be considered risk factors, such as age, occupation, and parity. Anemic women need more attention and to be checked regarding their PPD, and treated if necessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Risk factors associated with postpartum depression in the Saudi population

Alharbi¹,

Abdulghani²

2014

NDT

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“…A growing appreciation of the mind-body connection in health and disease has led to an increased focus on biological processes that may underlie or contribute to the disorder (Albacar et al, 2010; Binder et al, 2010; Bloch et al, 2000; Corwin et al, 2003; Costas et al, 2010; Figueira et al, 2010; Goshtasebi et al, 2013; Guintivano et al, 2013; Kimmel et al, 2013; Le Donne et al, 2012; Maes et al, 2002; O'Keane et al, 2011). In the current study, our primary finding, that variability in the functioning of the bi-directional interactions between the immune-inflammatory response and the HPA axis within the first weeks after childbirth influences a woman's risk of PPD, further emphasizes the importance of an integrated PNI response in the postpartum mental health continuum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional psychoneuroimmune interactions in the early postpartum period influence risk of postpartum depression

Corwin

Pajer

Paul

et al. 2015

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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More than 500,000 U.S. women develop postpartum depression (PPD) annually. Although psychosocial risks are known, the underlying biology remains unclear. Dysregulation of the immune inflammatory response and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are associated with depression in other populations. While significant research on the contribution of these systems to the development of PPD has been conducted, results have been inconclusive. This is partly because few studies have focused on whether disruption in the bidirectional and dynamic interaction between the inflammatory response and the HPA axis together influence PPD. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that disruption in the inflammatory-HPA axis bidirectional relationship would increase the risk of PPD. Plasma pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured in women during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and on Days 7 and 14, and Months 1, 2, 3, and 6 after childbirth. Saliva was collected 5 times the day preceding blood draws for determination of cortisol area under the curve (AUC) and depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Survey (EPDS). Of the 152 women who completed the EPDS, 18% were depressed according to EDPS criteria within the 6 months postpartum. Cortisol AUC was higher in symptomatic women on Day 14 (p=.017). To consider the combined effects of cytokines and cortisol on predicting symptoms of PPD, a multiple logistic regression model was developed that included predictors identified in bivariate analyses to have an effect on depressive symptoms. Results indicated that family history of depression, day 14 cortisol AUC, and the day 14 IL8/IL10 ratio were significant predictors of PPD symptoms. One unit increase each in the IL8/IL10 ratio and cortisol AUC resulted in 1.50 (P=0.06) and 2.16 (P=0.02) fold increases respectively in the development of PPD. Overall, this model correctly classified 84.2% of individuals in their respective groups. Findings suggest that variability in the complex interaction between the inflammatory response and the HPA axis influence the risk of PPD.

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“…Besides the studies demonstrating that younger maternal age (<16 years) is a risk factor, there are also other studies suggesting that age is not an effective factor (44,47,48). However, low hemogram values were associated with postpartum depression in many studies, and it was mentioned to be an issue that needed attention in postpartum follow-ups and needed to be treated (49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Has Delivery Method any Influence on the Postpartum Mood of the Mother? Postpartum SCL-90-R

Ateşer¹,

Öz²,

Sardarli³

et al. 2017

Istanbul Med J

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Pregnancy and labor are stress factors for every woman. A high majority of mothers can encounter difficulty in accommodating themselves to their new lives post child birth. Since knowing about their pregnancy, they have some worries and fears regarding themselves, the newborns, and the course of this period (1).Vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery are the two different ways and experience of childbirth. Mothers can have concerns and preferences related to the type of delivery due to their prior knowledge gained from health staff or their environment.According to the 2014 health statistics, the rate of cesarean delivery in Turkey is 51%, which is quite high. However, the rate recommended by the World Health Organization is 15% (2). The Turkish Ministry of Health is continually attempting to reduce the rate of cesarean delivery. Voluntary cesarean delivery was legally prohibited. As a part of these attempts, an education on obstetrical emergencies is provided to gynecologists and pregnancy schools aiming to prepare parturients for labor and inform expectant mothers on this issue (3-5).The rate of cesarean delivery, which affects a mothers physical and mental health states, without any compulsory medical indication, is increasing due to reasons, such as fear of giving birth; demand for not feeling pain; notion that perineal floor will be protected against trauma and the possibility of urinary incontinence will decrease correspondingly; prejudice that cesarean delivery is more healthy for the newborn; physician's preference and direction; being able to plan the time of labor; avoiding legal and social problems that can occur as a result of complicated labor; and lack of experience in interventional vaginal delivery (3-9).The physical results of cesarean delivery are the requirement of cesarean in subsequent pregnancies, placental adherence anomalies, cesarean scar pregnancy, anesthetic and surgical complications, more blood loss, neonatal prematurity and related problems, and respiratory problems (7, 8, 10).Has Delivery Method any Influence on the Postpartum Mood of the Mother? Postpartum SCL-90-R Objective: This study investigated the influence of the birth type to mothers earlypostpartum emotional emotional status Methods: SCL-90-R psychological test was performed in 50 patients who had cesarean section and 50 patients who had vaginal delivery. SCL-90-R consist of ten sub-scales: somatization, obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, and a category of additional items. The subscale scores of the scale are obtained by dividing the score values of the answers given to the relevant items by the number of items forming the subscale. The points of all 90 items (0-4 points per item) were added and divided by 90 to obtain the general score. Patients with scores above 1 were considered to have a psychological problem. All test subtitles and total test values were statistically compared with the Student's-t test and Mann-Whi...

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Association between Maternal Anaemia and Postpartum Depression in an Urban Sample of Pregnant Women in Iran

Cited by 49 publications

References 13 publications

Risk factors associated with postpartum depression in the Saudi population

Risk factors associated with postpartum depression in the Saudi population

Bidirectional psychoneuroimmune interactions in the early postpartum period influence risk of postpartum depression

Has Delivery Method any Influence on the Postpartum Mood of the Mother? Postpartum SCL-90-R

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