Association Between Lifestyle and Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype in the PREDIMED‐Plus Study

Abstract

Objective The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype is characterized by abdominal obesity and high levels of triglycerides. In a cross‐sectional assessment of PREDIMED‐Plus trial participants at baseline, HTGW phenotype prevalence was evaluated, associated risk factors were analyzed, and the lifestyle of individuals with metabolic syndrome and HTGW was examined. Methods A total of 6,874 individuals aged 55 to 75 with BMI ≥ 27 and < 40 kg/m2 were included and classified by presence (HTGW+) or absence (HTGW−) of HTGW (waist circumference: men ≥ 102 cm, women ≥ 88 cm; fasting plasma triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL). Analytical parameters and lifestyle (energy intake and expenditure) were analyzed. Results A total of 38.2% of the sample met HTGW+ criteria. HTGW+ individuals tended to be younger, have a greater degree of obesity, be sedentary, and be tobacco users. They had higher peripheral glucose, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; had lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; and had increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) adherence and physical activity were greater in HTGW− patients. Age, BMI, tobacco use, total energy expenditure, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and MedDiet adherence were associated with HTGW+. Conclusions HTGW is a highly prevalent phenotype in this population associated with younger age, higher BMI, tobacco use, and decreased MedDiet adherence. HTGW− individuals were more physically active with greater total physical activity, and fewer had hypertension.

Science and Healthy Meals in the World: Nutritional Epigenomics and Nutrigenetics of the Mediterranean Diet

“…For this goal, the MD is intended as that diet regimen in use in the Mediterranean basin, which is fundamentally made up of local fresh seasonal non-industrial ingredients with a nutrient-respectful cooking manner and composed of three meals a day with a very light breakfast, a lunch, and a dinner-the latter both articulated into three courses. For a greater punctual precision, we want to mainly refer to the MD components described by the 14 items included in the MEDAS PREDIMED nutritional intervention carried out in Spain from 2003 to 2011 [13], which was recently validated [14] and is currently used in nutritional studies with MD as a topic [15].…”

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Polyphenols Contained in Mediterranean Diet in Obesity: Molecular Mechanisms

“…Indeed, a multi-center randomized trial showed that higher adherence to MedDiet is associated with decreased overweight/obesity prevalence, reflected by a lower score of body mass index [85]. Likewise, a recent study conducted on participants with abdominal obesity showed that adherence to MedDiet is associated with low peripheral glucose, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels [86]. As far as epigenetics is concerned, MedDiet has been suggested to exhibit positive effects on cardiovascular diseases, including obesity, through the modulation of the circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput (CLOCK) gene, which is well-known to regulate glucose metabolism [87].…”

Mediterranean Diet and its Benefits on Health and Mental Health: A Literature Review

“…A second- step- study named PREDIMED-Plus has been conducted to evaluate the impact of lifestyle intervention and energy-restricted MD on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease among 6874 subjects recruited in 23 centers and hospitals in Spain. These combined interventions, energy-restricted MD with higher intake of polyphenols and physical activity, were significantly associated with an improvement of compounds of metabolic syndrome among subjects involved such as inflammatory biomarkers and blood cholesterol and triglycerides [ 12 - 15 ]. This large trial has also demonstrated that MD may improve the general quality of life of subjects and physical activity may have benefits on quality of life and cognitive functioning [ 16 , 17 ].…”