“…14,25 Sepsis leads to intrarenal microcirculatory defects, regional and systemic inflammatory cell infiltration, and apoptosis-promoting AKI. 12,19 Patients with surgical site infection or pneumonia have increased odds of developing AKI (odds ratio, 10.5 [95% CI, 3.8 to 29.3; P < .001] and odds ratio, 11.8 [95% CI, 7.7 to 18.3; P < .001], respectively). 25 In rare cases, interstitial nephritis can occur in the perioperative setting after certain medication exposures (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, proton pump inhibitors).…”