Association between Interleukin-15 and Obesity: Interleukin-15 as a Potential Regulator of Fat Mass

Nielsen, Anders Rinnov; Højman, Pernille; Erikstrup, Christian; Fischer, Christian P.; Plomgaard, Peter; Mounier, Rémi; Mortensen, Ole Hartvig; Broholm, Christa; Taudorf, Sarah; Krogh-Madsen, Rikke; Lindegaard, Birgitte; Petersen, Anders Højgård; Gehl, Julie; Pedersen, Bente Klarlund

doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2561

Cited by 168 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In support of this finding, we demonstrated a decrease in visceral fat mass, but not subcutaneous fat mass, when IL-15 was overexpressed in murine muscle (Nielsen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Il6 -Summarysupporting

confidence: 82%

Muscles and their myokines

Pedersen

2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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533

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Summary In the past, the role of physical activity as a life-style modulating factor has been considered as that of a tool to balance energy intake. Although it is important to avoid obesity, physical inactivity should be discussed in a much broader context. There is accumulating epidemiological evidence that a physically active life plays an independent role in the protection against type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, dementia and even depression. For most of the last century, researchers sought a link between muscle contraction and humoral changes in the form of an ‘exercise factor’, which could be released from skeletal muscle during contraction and mediate some of the exercise-induced metabolic changes in other organs such as the liver and the adipose tissue. We have suggested that cytokines or other peptides that are produced, expressed and released by muscle fibres and exert autocrine, paracrine or endocrine effects should be classified as ‘myokines’. Given that skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the human body, our discovery that contracting skeletal muscle secretes proteins sets a novel paradigm: skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ producing and releasing myokines, which work in a hormone-like fashion, exerting specific endocrine effects on other organs. Other myokines work via paracrine mechanisms, exerting local effects on signalling pathways involved in muscle metabolism. It has been suggested that myokines may contribute to exercise-induced protection against several chronic diseases.

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“…In support of this finding, we demonstrated a decrease in visceral fat mass, but not subcutaneous fat mass, when IL-15 was overexpressed in murine muscle (Nielsen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Il6 -Summarysupporting

confidence: 82%

Muscles and their myokines

Pedersen

2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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533

404

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“…IL-15 has an important role in muscle hypertrophy and prevention of muscle wasting as well as in immune function [5]. Recently, the functional role of IL-15 in the regulation of fat mass and energy expenditure has been highlighted [6][7][8][9]. IL-15 inhibits lipogenesis in white adipose tissues [8,10,11], while it enhances energy expenditure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upregulation of circulating IL-15 by treadmill running in healthy individuals: Is IL-15 an endocrine mediator of the beneficial effects of endurance exercise?

Tamura

Watanabe²,

Kantani³

et al. 2011

Endocr J

113

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“…IL-15 has been identified as an anabolic factor, which is highly expressed in skeletal muscle [218]. Furthermore, IL-15 has been suggested to play a role in muscle-adipose tissue interaction [219].…”

Section: Is the Muscle Il-6 Release A Metabolic-related Event?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Physical Exercise on Inflammatory Markers of Atherosclerosis

Pinto¹,

Raimondo

Tuttolomondo³

et al. 2012

CPD

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Abstract:It is well established that physically fit individuals have a reduced risk of developing CVD (cardiovascular disease) and other age-related chronic disorders. Regular exercise is an established therapeutic intervention with an enormous range of benefits. Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation may be involved in atherosclerosis, diabetes and in pathogenesis of several chronic pathological conditions; recent findings confirm that physical activity induces an increase in the systemic levels of a number of cytokines and chemokines with anti-inflammatory properties. The possibility that regular physical exercise exerts anti-inflammation activity, being the interaction between contracting muscle and the other tissues and the circulating cells mediated through signals transmitted by "myokines" produced with muscle contractions. To date the list of myokines includes IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15. During muscle contractions are also released IL1receptor antagonis and sTNF-R, molecules that contribute to provide anti-inflammatory actions.Nevertheless discrepancies, analysis of available researches seem to confirm the efficacy of regular physical training as a nonpharmacological therapy having target chronic low-grade inflammation. Given this, physical exercise could be considerate a useful weapon against local vascular and systemic inflammation in atherosclerosis. Several mechanisms explain the positive effect of chronic exercise, nevertheless, these mechanisms do not fully enlighten all pathways by which exercise can decrease inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, and hence modulate the progression of the underlying disease progress.

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Association between Interleukin-15 and Obesity: Interleukin-15 as a Potential Regulator of Fat Mass

Abstract: Our results indicate that IL-15 may be a regulator of trunk fat mass.

Cited by 168 publications

References 19 publications

Muscles and their myokines

Muscles and their myokines

Upregulation of circulating IL-15 by treadmill running in healthy individuals: Is IL-15 an endocrine mediator of the beneficial effects of endurance exercise?

Effects of Physical Exercise on Inflammatory Markers of Atherosclerosis

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