Association between Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Seropositivity among Male Factory Workers in Zimbabwe

Gwanzura, Lovemore; McFarland, William; Alexander, D. L.; Burke, Rae Lyn; Katzenstein, David

doi:10.1086/517381

Cited by 76 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…HSV-2 seroprevalence among HIV-infected patients [both sexes 59% (95% CI 50.1-67.4%), females 64.1% (95% CI 51.1-75.7%), males 54.3% (95% CI 41.9-66.3%)] is higher than in an earlier study from our group [38.9% (95% CI 32.5-45.5%)] [3], but still somewhat lower than in other studies showing a prevalence of 73%-82.7% among HIV-positive subjects [6,17].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and type 2 in the Frankfurt am Main area, Germany

Rabenau

Buxbaum

Preiser

et al. 2001

Med Microbiol Immunol

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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 are widespread human infectious agents that are responsible for persistent and latent infections. HSV type 2 (HSV-2) infection is usually transmitted sexually, while HSV type I (HSV-1) is commonly acquired by saliva contact during childhood. In a retrospective study, sera from more than 4,800 patients were analyzed for HSV type-specific IgG antibodies. In people older than 15 years, the seroprevalence of HSV-1 showed no statistically significant discrepancy between the control group (76.3% in females and 75.2% in males), HIV-infected patients (82.8% in females and 84.3% in males), and organ transplant (OTX) recipients (90.3% in females and 86.3% in males) (P>0.05). Age-related analysis of the control group showed that there is an age-dependent increase of HSV-1 seroprevalence in both sexes, reaching its peak in those aged 40 years and older (women 85.4%, men 82.8%). The only age group in which there is a significantly higher seropositivity rate in women than in men is in those aged between 15 and 39 years, with 70.8% versus 63.7% (P<0.05). As with HSV-1, there is an age-related increase of the HSV-2 seroprevalence; however, this increase starts later in life, with the onset of sexual activity. The HSV-2 prevalence across all age groups was highest in female prostitutes (78.0%) and among HIV-infected patients (women 64.1%, men 54.3%); this contrasts with the control group (overall women 17%, men 12.5%; those above 15 years of age, women 18%, men 13.8%) and the OTX patients (women 22.6%, men 9.8%). In the control group the rate of positivity increases with age and peaks in the group older than 40 years (24.2% in women and 16.2% in men). In females the seroprevalence is always elevated compared with males. The data presented show that female sex and older age are independent predictors of HSV-2 seropositivity, while immunosuppression is not. Our additional data show no evidence of a statistically significant humoral HSV-1/HSV-2 cross-immunity. People with HSV-1 serum antibodies have no lower risk of HSV-2 seropositivity than those lacking antibodies to HSV-1. The same is true when investigating HSV-1 seroprevalence rates in HSV-2-seropositive or -negative individuals, retrospectively.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and type 2 in the Frankfurt am Main area, Germany

Rabenau

Buxbaum

Preiser

et al. 2001

Med Microbiol Immunol

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“…HIV-positive males have higher prevalence of seropositivity for HSV-2 than do HIV-negative males. 12,13 However, the proportions of different sexually transmitted diseases, including genital herpes, are similar between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. 14 Anal vegetative herpes virus infections simulating carcinoma have previously been described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertrophic Herpes Simplex Simulating Anal Neoplasia in AIDS Patients: Report of Five Cases

Nadal

Calore

Manzione³

et al. 2005

Diseases of the Colon &Amp; Rectum

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Five patients (4 males; mean age, 46.4 years) with painful verrucous perianal lesions caused by herpes simplex virus are described. All patients had had AIDS for a long time and were using highly active antiretroviral therapy. CD4+ counts ranged from 73 to 370/mm3. All lesions were submitted to resection under subdural anesthesia. Histologic examinations revealed epithelial hyperplasia and dense inflammatory process, composed mainly of lymphocytes and plasma cells, extended just to the hypodermis. Immunohistochemistry was positive for herpes simplex virus Type 2 in four patients and for herpes simplex virus Type 1 in one patient, and did not detect human papillomavirus antigens. Three patients had recurrences after 3, 10, and 12 months. Resection was performed on two patients; one had a new recurrence after three months. Oral acyclovir eliminated the lesion in the third patient. The analysis of our patients suggests that herpes simplex virus, Types 1 and 2, may cause verrucous lesions simulating neoplasia in patients with AIDS using antiretroviral therapy.

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“…1 57 More recent studies have added further evidence supporting the association between HSV-2 antibodies and HIV. Significant correlations between HIV and HSV-2 specific antibodies were found in Zimbabwe among male factory workers (odds ratio (OR) 8.0), 58 in Tanzanian STI clinic attenders (OR 2.5), 59 in Thai military recruits with a history of ulcers in the past 3 years (prevalence ratio (PR) 14.4) and in those without a history of ulcers (PR 2.6), 60 and in STI patients in Lesotho (PR 1.9). 48 In the population based study in Masaka, Uganda, the initial phase showed high levels of HSV seropositivity-57% in men and 74% in women but an OR for association with HIV infection of only 1.2.…”

Section: Hsv As a Risk Factor For Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing prevalence of genital herpes in developing countries: implications for heterosexual HIV transmission and STI control programmes

O’Farrell

1999

Sexually Transmitted Infections

100

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Background:The recognition that sexually transmitted infections (STI) facilitate HIV transmission among heterosexuals has led to a rejuvenated focus on improving STI control as a component of HIV prevention programmes in developing countries. While eVorts so far have focused mainly on all STI, there is increasing evidence that genital ulcers facilitate a considerable proportion of HIV transmission among heterosexuals and that this eVect has been underestimated. This paper focuses on the epidemiology of genital herpes in developing countries past and present. Objectives: To review the scientific literature about the epidemiology of genital herpes in developing countries and discuss the implications of the findings for STI control and HIV prevention programmes. Search methodology: A Medline search for June 1966 to August 1999 using the keywords, genital herpes, STD and developing countries, and genital ulcers in MeSH and free text. Abstract books from recent international AIDS conferences and other international STD conferences were reviewed. The annual reports of the medical oYcers of heath for Harare 1982 and Durban 1989 were reviewed to detect trends in genital herpes diagnoses. Findings: Genital herpes, formerly regarded as a minor STI in most developing countries, has now emerged as a leading cause of genital ulceration in many countries where syphilis and chancroid were more prevalent previously. This increased recognition of genital herpes reflects both a change in the pattern of STI epidemiology through a decline in syphilis and chancroid as a response to HIV control programmes and improved techniques for diagnosing herpetic infection. Countries with significant heterosexual HIV epidemics also appear to have rapidly increasing numbers of genital herpes cases. Conclusions:The emergence of this herpes epidemic must be addressed through innovative strategies that will be viable, sustainable, acceptable, and eVective in developing countries. In countries where genital herpes is a significant problem, local adaptation of WHO treatment algorithms should be made. STI service providers should be trained about issues around the transmission of herpes and how best to advise clients about dealing with, and recognising, recurrences. The eVectiveness of antiviral treatment for genital herpes should be investigated in core groups at high risk of HIV. (Sex Transm Inf 1999;75:377-384)

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Association between Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Seropositivity among Male Factory Workers in Zimbabwe

Cited by 76 publications

References 8 publications

Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and type 2 in the Frankfurt am Main area, Germany

Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and type 2 in the Frankfurt am Main area, Germany

Hypertrophic Herpes Simplex Simulating Anal Neoplasia in AIDS Patients: Report of Five Cases

Increasing prevalence of genital herpes in developing countries: implications for heterosexual HIV transmission and STI control programmes

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