Association between features of the insulin resistance syndrome and alzheimer's disease independently of apolipoprotein e4 phenotype: cross sectional population based study

Kuusisto, Johanna; Koivisto, Keijo; Mykkänen, Leena; Helkala, Eeva‐Liisa; Vanhanen, Matti; Hänninen, Tuomo; Kervinen, Kari; Ya, Kesäniemi; Riekkinen, Paavo; Laakso, Markku

doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7115.1045

Cited by 403 publications

(285 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Elderly people with diabetes have an especially increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) [18] and an association of diabetes with MCI varies with amyloid subtype (amnestic) MCI and nonamnestic MCI) and number of domains, and with the sex of the patient, with females being more susceptible than males [19]. Diabetes as a significant risk factor for dementia or AD has been clearly established by studies in the US [20] and several other countries (Taiwan [21], China [22], Japan [23], and Finland [24]). T2D has also been associated with an increased risk of vascular dementia [25], and pre-diabetic insulin resistance is a risk factor for AD pathology and reduced memory function [26].…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease affected by Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc treatment

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAssociation of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) has been well established. Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc (Cyclo-Z) treatment ameliorated diabetes in rats and similar improvements have been seen in human patients. Treatment of amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice with Cyclo-Z exhibited memory improvements and significantly reduced Aβ-40 and Aβ-42 protein levels in the brain tissues of the mice.Scope of reviewMetabolic relationship between AD and T2D will be described with particular attention to insulin sensitivity and Aβ degradation in brain and plasma tissues. Mechanistic effect of insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) in decreasing blood glucose and brain Aβ levels will be elucidated. Cyclo-Z effects on these biochemical parameters will be discussed.Major conclusionStimulation of IDE synthesis is effective for the clinical treatment of metabolic diseases including AD and T2D.General significanceCyclo-Z might be the effective treatment of AD and T2D by stimulating IDE synthesis.

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Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease affected by Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc treatment

et al. 2017

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“…92 Similar findings have been reported in dementia studies. Hypertension was associated with Alzheimer's disease in subjects 69-78 years 93 and low blood pressure was associated with both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in subjects …”

Section: Hypertension and Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral complications of hypertension

Rigaud

Staessen

et al. 2000

J Hum Hypertens

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Ischaemic and degenerative brain diseases are a major health problem leading to a devastating loss of autonomy. Hypertension has been shown to carry an increased risk not only for cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality but also for cognitive impairment and dementia. Although diastolic blood pressure is considered an important risk factor, it is now clear that isolated systolic hypertension and elevated pulse pressure also play an important role in the development of brain complications. Therefore the treatment of these conditions must urgently become a widespread tool of prevention. All the randomised placebo-controlled trials completed for the last 30 years have shown a reduction in fatal and/or non-fatal strokes. In the most recent trials in isolated systolic hypertension in older patients, the benefit was even greater because of the higher risk in these populations. The new classes of drugs, in particular, calcium-channels blockers and angiotensin-

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“…In addition, previous research indicated that higher consumption of tea, which is linked to lower cholesterol level, was proved to take a protective effect on cognition (7), and higher cholesterol was linked to faster cognitive decline among patients with Alzheimer's disease (8). In contrast, other studies provide contradictory findings that demonstrated no association between cholesterol concentrations and cognitive impairment or dementia (9,10), and even that higher concentrations of cholesterol were associated with a decreased risk of cognitive impairment among the elderly (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the existing studies only focused on the total population (4,5,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16); therefore, there is still some ambiguity with respect to potential differences in the relationships of cognition and lipids in men and women. Although the association between cholesterol and cognitive function is strongly age-dependent (17), yet few of previous studies focused on the oldest old (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum cholesterol levels within the high normal range are associated with better cognitive performance among Chinese elderly

Yin

Chei

et al. 2016

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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Objectives-The association between cognitive function and cholesterol levels is poorly understood and inconsistent results exist among the elderly. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of cholesterol level with cognitive performance among Chinese elderly.Design-A cross-sectional study was implemented in 2012 and data were analyzed using generalized additive models, linear regression models and logistic regression models. Conflict of interestThe authors declare that there are no conflicts of interests. Ethical standardsThe authors declare that all the experiments of this study complied with the current laws of China in which they were performed. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptSetting-Community-based setting in eight longevity areas in China.Subjects-A total of 2000 elderly aged 65 years and over (mean 85.8±12.0 years) participated in this study. Measurements-Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration were determined and cognitive impairment was defined as Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score≤23.Results-There was a significant positive linear association between TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C and MMSE score in linear regression models. Each 1 mmol/L increase in TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C corresponded to a decreased risk of cognitive impairment in logistic regression models. Compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C had a lower risk of cognitive impairment. The adjusted odds ratios and 95% CI were 0.73(0.62-0.84) for TC, 0.81(0.70-0.94) for LDL-C and 0.81(0.70-0.94) for HDL-C. There was no gender difference in the protective effects of high TC and LDL-C levels on cognitive impairment. However, for high HDL-C levels the effect was only observed in women. High TC, LDL-C and HDL-C levels were associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment in the oldest old (aged 80 and older), but not in the younger elderly (aged 65 to 79 years).Conclusions-These findings suggest that cholesterol levels within the high normal range are associated with better cognitive performance in Chinese elderly, specifically in the oldest old. With further validation, low cholesterol may serve a clinical indicator of risk for cognitive impairment in the elderly.

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Association between features of the insulin resistance syndrome and alzheimer's disease independently of apolipoprotein e4 phenotype: cross sectional population based study

Abstract: Objective: To determine the association between features of the insulin resistance syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Design: Cross sectional population based study.

Cited by 403 publications

References 29 publications

Metabolic relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease affected by Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc treatment

Metabolic relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease affected by Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc treatment

Cerebral complications of hypertension

Serum cholesterol levels within the high normal range are associated with better cognitive performance among Chinese elderly

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