Association Between Exclusive Breastfeeding and Infant Health Outcomes in Pakistan

Saeed, Omar Babar; Haile, Zelalem T.; Chertok, Ilana R. Azulay

doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2019.12.004

Cited by 31 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…For both, primiparous and multiparous mothers, family support was found to be positively related to exclusive breastfeeding for up to six months after delivery. This is in line with a study conducted in Ethiopia, where living in joint families aided the mothers to continue breastfeeding for longer [12]. The reason being extra support; financial, physical as well as emotional support from the family help the mother to continue EBF for six months.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparison of Challenges and Problems Encountered in the Practice of Exclusive Breast Feeding by Primiparous and Multiparous Women in Rural Areas of Sindh, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Zafar¹,

Shamim²,

Mehwish³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Introduction: The UNICEF (United Nations International Children Education Fund) and WHO (World Health Organization) recommend exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of life. EBF is considered to be an important practice for enhancing infant health and wellbeing. Breastfeeding offers a wide range of psychological and physical health benefits in the long-term and short-term for young children, infants, and mothers. This study aims to compare exclusive breastfeeding practice among primiparous and multiparous mothers including reasons for discontinuing exclusive breastfeeding and problems faced during breastfeeding.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in rural areas of Sindh, registered with the Maternal Newborn Health Registry (MNHR). The study used a systematic sampling technique for the enrollment of study participants. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from mothers about the practices of EBF. A total of 397 mothers were interviewed and analyzed.Results: Among Primiparous mothers, 14.1% of mothers initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth, while 22.4% of multiparous mothers, initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth. The difference between the two is statistically insignificant (p-value=0.234). A high percentage of multiparous mothers exclusively breastfed their infants for six months (63.5%) as compared to primiparous mothers (51.5%). The most common reason for introducing pre-lacteal feed before six months among primiparous mothers is the lack of adequate milk production to fulfill baby needs; this was the case for 35.4% of mothers. On the other hand, the baby remaining hungry post breastfeeding was the major reason among multiparous mothers (44.0%) for introducing pre-lacteal feed before six months. Conclusion:This study helped in the identification of issues faced by primiparous and multiparous mothers during exclusive breastfeeding. Interventions for promoting EBF need to be tailored as per the need and challenges of the population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparison of Challenges and Problems Encountered in the Practice of Exclusive Breast Feeding by Primiparous and Multiparous Women in Rural Areas of Sindh, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Zafar¹,

Shamim²,

Mehwish³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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“…However, the problems of illiteracy and poverty are rooted in more systemic problems [ 18 ]; regardless, the condition can be improved by a targeted health campaign directed solely towards raising awareness about proper childcare feeding practices. This can include specific messages provided to women about breastfeeding as an important source of nutrition for their child and can highlight some of the dangerous impacts of traditional and cultural feeding practices which are considered safe and healthy [ 19 ]. Mothers should also be encouraged to breastfeed as long as possible and should be educated about the protective benefits of colostrum and the hazardous habits of feeding infants supplements other than breast milk should be strongly discouraged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding duration in Pakistan: a population-based cross-sectional study

Arif¹,

Khan

Aslam

et al. 2021

BMC Public Health

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Background Breastfeeding has the most profound impact on infant health and wellness, and also have significant implications for the mother. The duration of the breastfeeding determines the infant’s protection from malnutrition and other common infectious diseases; consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) six months, followed by gradual weaning and breastfeeding until the baby is two years old. In Pakistan, the practice of breastfeeding is heavily dependent upon certain demographic, economic, social, and biological factors, which ultimately impact the quality of care provided to the infant and their health. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to measure the impact of these factors on the exclusive breastfeeding duration in Pakistan. Methods The data for the study has been collected from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) for the year 2017–18. Binary logistic regression model and survival analysis are used to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Results We use a binary logistic regression to estimate the effect of each factor on the duration of EBF. The binary logistic regression finds significant relationships between region, maternal education, wealth index, size of a child, watching television, delivery by cesarean, and maternal age and EBF. We then use log-likelihood, AIC, BIC criteria to determine if a parametric or non-parametric model would provide a better fit; based on these results we fit an Inverse Gaussian (Weibull) distribution for the survival analysis. These results show that there are more significant factors associated with EBF duration in parametric survival analysis than in the binary logistic regression results. Thus, the survival analysis is a better method for predicting the relationship between the duration of EBF and its factors. Furthermore, logically EBF is designated to be done for six months which would not be properly gauged with a binary response variable. Conclusions The results of this study provide proof that exclusive breastfeeding is a common practice among women in Pakistan, and to improve the quality of post-natal care, health policy in the country needs to focus on the existing demographic and social factors which are found significant in this study.

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“…However, breastfeeding does not continue optimally until children are 2-years-old. WHO and UNICEF (2003) that is to reduce infant and child morbidity mortality can be done by giving exclusive breastfeeding given at the age of the 1 st 6 months of life, and adequate nutrition according to the body's needs, using native and local food ingredients up to the age of 2 years or more [17], [18].…”

Section: Theme 3: Fulfillment Of Nutrition and Asi (Breastfeeding) Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience of Mother in Taking Care of Children with Stunting at Majene Regency, Indonesia

Darwis

Abdullah

Amaliah

et al. 2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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Health officials have the role and responsibility to provide a promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative action for children who are stunted. However, in fact, the role will be taken over entirely by parents, especially the mother. Therefore, the mother's experience needs to be explored in order to know the extent of a mother's efforts in treating her child who is stunted. This research used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through deep interviews using a questionnaire that was prepared and then the researcher recorded the process of interview. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling then proceed with snowball sampling. Then, data would be analyzed using the thematic analysis method, mothers of children who were categorized as stunting did not have clear knowledge about stunting, perfomed exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months but breastfeeding was not optimal until the children are 2 years of age, complementary feeding was not balanced because it did not contain carbohydrate, protein and fat sources, families with incomes below the minimum income experience stunted their children. Husband's support to all participants was very good in overcoming health problems that occur in children, but her husband's support was very lacking in efforts to prevent children from experiencing stunting, mothers of children who were categorized as stunting had good personal hygiene behaviors in children

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Association Between Exclusive Breastfeeding and Infant Health Outcomes in Pakistan

Cited by 31 publications

References 29 publications

Comparison of Challenges and Problems Encountered in the Practice of Exclusive Breast Feeding by Primiparous and Multiparous Women in Rural Areas of Sindh, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Comparison of Challenges and Problems Encountered in the Practice of Exclusive Breast Feeding by Primiparous and Multiparous Women in Rural Areas of Sindh, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding duration in Pakistan: a population-based cross-sectional study

Experience of Mother in Taking Care of Children with Stunting at Majene Regency, Indonesia

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