Association between Eating Speed and Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. Lifestyle is recognized as a key factor in the development of metabolic disorders and CVD. Recently, eating speed has been of particular interest since some studies have associated it with the development of obesity and other cardiometabolic disorders. We aimed to assess the association between eating speed and various cardiovascular risk factors. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis within the framework of the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study with 792 participants from the Reus-Tarragona center. Eating speed was self-reported according to participant perception and categorized as slow, medium, or fast. The association between eating speed and cardiovascular risk factors was assessed using Cox regression models with constant time of follow-up for all individuals. Compared to participants in the slow eating speed category, those in the faster eating speed category were 59% more likely to have the hypertriglyceridemia component of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) (Hazard Ratio, (HR) 1.59; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.16–2.17), even after adjustment for potential confounders (HR 1.47; 95% CI 1.08–2.02). No other significant differences were observed. Eating speed was positively associated with the prevalence of the hypertriglyceridemia component of the MetS in a senior population at high cardiovascular risk.

Eating Fast Is Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Men But Not in Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Eating fast is known to be associated with overweight and obesity [9][10][11], insulin resistance [16], metabolic syndrome [10,17] and T2DM [16,18]. Eating fast is also reported to be associated with a risk factor for CVD [31], which is associated with NAFLD [4,32].…”

The Relationship of the Atlantic Diet with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Markers of Arterial Stiffness in Adults without Cardiovascular Disease

“…However, although AD has also been observed to have significant positive effects on health, there is no widely used questionnaire to assess compliance with its recommendations. The index created by our group, presented in this manuscript, includes all these recommendations, adapting the responses to a food frequency questionnaire widely used in other research [30,31]. The composition and validation of an AD adherence questionnaire using this index may be of interest in initiating a debate in which both dietary patterns (Mediterranean and Atlantic) can be compared in terms of predicting cardiovascular disease.…”

The effect of working from home on major time allocations with a focus on food-related activities

“…Slower eating speed and higher consumption of home-prepared meals have been found to be associated with a lower risk of weight gain and a higher-quality diet. For instance, previous studies have found that, among adults, eating more slowly inhibits the development of obesity (Hurst and Fukuda 2018 ), and eating slower is associated with a lower risk of elevated triglycerides (Paz-Graniel et al 2019 ). Hamermesh ( 2010 ) and Zeballos and Restrepo ( 2018 ) show that there is an inverse relationship between time spent eating and body mass index (BMI), which suggests that the amount of time people spend eating may play a role in obesity.…”