Association Between Demodex Infestation and Ocular Surface Microbiota in Patients With Demodex Blepharitis

Yan, Yan; Yao, Qinke; Lu, Yang; Shao, Chen; Sun, Hao; Li, Yimin; Fu, Yao

doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.592759

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…For example, Dong et al and Zhao et al both reported Sphingomonas as a biomarker of MGD, which was the same as our result. However, Dong et al found that the abundance of Corynebacterium significantly decreased in patients with MGD, whereas Zhao et al found that it increased ( 16 , 40 ) Yan et al found Lactobacillus to be the biomarker of Demodex blepharitis, which is different from our results ( 15 ). These conflicting results indicate that the complexity of individual ocular surface microbiota diversity and its influencing factors are far beyond our knowledge.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Lee et al collected eyelash and tear samples from seven patients with blepharitis and four healthy people and analyzed the microbiota by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing ( 14 ). Yan et al studied the microbiota of Demodex blepharitis from conjunctival sac samples by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing ( 15 ). Dong et al investigated the composition of the bacterial community of patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) from conjunctival sac samples via 16S rDNA sequencing ( 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition and Diversity of the Ocular Surface Microbiota in Patients With Blepharitis in Northwestern China

Wang

Dou

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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Purpose: To investigate the composition and diversity of the microbiota on the ocular surface of patients with blepharitis in northwestern China via 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing.Methods: Thirty-seven patients with blepharitis divided into groups of anterior, posterior and mixed blepharitis and twenty healthy controls from northwestern China were enrolled in the study. Samples were collected from the eyelid margin and conjunctival sac of each participant. The V3–V4 region of bacterial 16S rDNA in each sample was amplified and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform, and the differences in taxonomy and diversity among different groups were compared.Results: The composition of the ocular surface microbiota of patients with blepharitis was similar to that of healthy subjects, but there were differences in the relative abundance of each bacterium. At the phylum level, the abundances of Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Atribacteria were significantly higher in the blepharitis group than in the healthy control group, while the relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly lower (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U). At the genus level, the abundances of Lactobacillus, Ralstonia, Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, Faecalibacterium, and Brevibacterium were significantly higher in the blepharitis group than in the healthy control group, while the relative abundances of Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Acinetobacter were significantly lower in the blepharitis group (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U). The microbiota of anterior blepharitis was similar to that of mixed blepharitis but different from that of posterior blepharitis. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are biomarkers of posterior blepharitis, and Ralstonia is a biomarker of mixed blepharitis. There was no significant difference in the ocular surface microbiota between the eyelid margin and conjunctival sac with or without blepharitis.Conclusion: The ocular surface microbiota of patients with blepharitis varied among different study groups, according to 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing analysis. The reason might be due to the participants being from different environments and having different lifestyles. Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, Ralstonia, and Bacteroides may play important roles in the pathogenesis of blepharitis.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and Diversity of the Ocular Surface Microbiota in Patients With Blepharitis in Northwestern China

Wang

Dou

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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“…These bacteria decompose fats and esters, and the metabolites of these processes can diffuse through the aqueous layer into the mucin layer, resulting in its hydrophobicity, which in turn leads to instability of the tear film. It has been found that patients with Demodex blepharitis have varying degrees of imbalance of bacterial microbiota in the conjunctival sac 38 . In addition, the number of Demodex mites affects specific bacteria on the surface of the eye, manifested by discomfort in the eye and obvious symptoms of blepharitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ocular demodicosis on the stability of the tear film and the tear break up time

Sędzikowska

Tarkowski²,

Moneta-Wielgoś

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation between the presence of Demodex mites in the hair follicles of patients' eyelashes and the stability and break up time of the tear film assessed with the Non-Invasive Tear Break Up Times (NIBUT) method. 319 patients were included in the study (195 women, 124 men). The patients were divided into two groups: those with Demodex infestation and without visible symptoms of eyelid or eye surface diseases, and asymptomatic non-infested patients. The NIBUT analysis was performed with a 5 M keratograph (oculus). Non-invasive tests were performed to identify the first and mean values of the tear break up time. The first and mean tear break up time in the Demodex-infested group was lower than in the non-infested subjects. The difference was a highly statistically significant. There was a significant correlation with the age of the patients for the first break up time. The first break up time in both eyes decreased with the age of the Demodex-infested and non-infested patients. The NIBUT analyses indicate the impact of Demodex mites on the tear film stability. This may suggest possible association of demodicosis with dry eye syndrome.

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“…In healthy populations, age and region are the influencing factors for differences in microbial community (7,(9)(10)(11)(12). Several studies have assessed the role of these microorganisms in ocular surface health and disease by characterizing ocular surface microbiota in patients under different disease conditions (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Anthropogenic factors, such as the use of antibiotics (20) and the wearing of corneal contact lens (21,22), also contribute to the changes in the microbiota on the ocular surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sodium Hyaluronate Eye Drops With or Without Preservatives on Ocular Surface Bacterial Microbiota

et al. 2022

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PurposeThis study aimed to determine the composition and diversity of bacterial communities on the ocular surface before and after the intervention with sodium hyaluronate eye drops (with or without preservatives) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.MethodsSixteen healthy adults were randomly divided into two groups and treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops with or without preservatives for 2 weeks. The individuals used the same artificial tears in both eyes. The microbial samples from the conjunctival sac of each participant were collected at baseline and 2 weeks after intervention. The diversity and taxonomic differences among different groups before and after intervention were compared by sequencing the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene.ResultsThe similarity in the binocular microbial community was high in 1 of the 16 volunteers (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity score < 0.3). At the genus level, 11 bacteria were detected in all samples with an average relative abundance of more than 1%. The bacterial community changed significantly after the use of sodium hyaluronate eye drops (with or without preservatives), whether within individuals or between individuals in different groups (P < 0.05, PERMANOVA). Different dosage forms of sodium hyaluronate eye drops significantly decreased the relative abundance of Flavobacterium caeni and Deinococcus antarcticus, respectively (P < 0.05).ConclusionsHealthy people had a rich diversity of the bacterial microbiota on the ocular surface, but the bacterial communities between the eyes were not completely similar. Irrespective of containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC), sodium hyaluronate eye drops can change the bacterial community on the ocular surface.

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Association Between Demodex Infestation and Ocular Surface Microbiota in Patients With Demodex Blepharitis

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Composition and Diversity of the Ocular Surface Microbiota in Patients With Blepharitis in Northwestern China

Composition and Diversity of the Ocular Surface Microbiota in Patients With Blepharitis in Northwestern China

Effect of ocular demodicosis on the stability of the tear film and the tear break up time

Effects of Sodium Hyaluronate Eye Drops With or Without Preservatives on Ocular Surface Bacterial Microbiota

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